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The Impact of the Civil War Review: The 2 Sides in 1863 Fill in the chart on your notes to review what both sides were experiencing in 1863. The Union During War Time Government Actions Political Divisions: Democratic minority opposes Lincoln Emancipation Proclamation, expanded govt. power ‘Copperheads’ (peace Democrats) demand peace Radical Republicans Think Lincoln isn’t going far enough Government Actions New Laws: Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 Homestead Act of 1862 Develop a transcontinental railroad Gave 160 acres of public land to settlers after they settle there for 5 years Morrill Land Grant Act Gave states the $ from sale of public lands to start public universities Government Actions Draft riots and expanded government power: New York City Draft riots – July 1863 Working class immigrants angry at being drafted for a war that would free slaves who could take their jobs Lincoln sends federal troops to stop riots Suspends habeas corpus nationwide in 1863 Govt. can arrest anyone “disloyal” Most famous case “Ex parte Milligan” Economic Impact War Industries Profit: War-related industries profit from huge govt. contracts Railroads profit Republicans promote business growth Raise the tariff Land grants to railroad companies Create national banking system Economic Impact Impact on Workers: The wealthy profit more than average workers Prices go up Corruption Inflation, tariffs Wages don’t keep up with prices Economic Impact Women’s role in the war Women serve in the war Women take jobs left by men Woman’s National Loyal League Nurses, Sanitary Commission workers Organized to work for abolition, women’s rights But no major gains made The Confederacy During Wartime Government Actions Divisions in the Confederacy States’ rights advocates Think Jefferson Davis is a dictator Union loyalists Davis can’t do much Can’t risk alienating support Can’t create a national identity Economic Impact A Shattered Economy: Industries did grow to produce war goods, but… War wrecked the South’s railroads Cotton production sinks Food shortages Planters refuse to stop growing cotton Inflation in the South Economic Impact Women’s roles in the war: Many help support the war effort in the beginning Southern women left in charge of plantations and farms Many flee west to escape Union troops The Union Victorious 1864-1865 Grant Takes Control Two-front war Attack Lee in the East Battle of the Wilderness – series of battles where Grant slowly pushes Lee back to Richmond Send Sherman to attack in Georgia and break up the Confederate army Takes Atlanta by September The Election of 1864 Lincoln can barely win the Republican nomination Republicans form the temporary National Union Party Radicals nominate Chase Peace Democrats demanding an end to the war Nominate Democratic Andrew Johnson as VP Lincoln defeats McClellan (democrat) Passes Thirteenth Amendment after winning 1864 Election Sherman’s March Through Georgia Sherman’s March Through Georgia Sherman takes Atlanta Confederates under General Hood move north to try and draw Sherman north Sherman decides to march to Savannah, live off the countryside Destroy everything that could help the south Railroads, crops, livestock, etc. Then moves through South and North Carolina Toward Appomatox Toward Appomattox Lee can’t hold out against Grant any longer Davis flees Richmond South morale is broken, lots of deserters Union takes it over Lee tries to escape with the army and regroup He can’t – asks for surrender Formal surrender on April 13, 1866 Impact of the War Lincoln is assassinated Killed at Ford’s Theater on April 14 John Wilkes Booth – Confederate actor 620,000 soldiers killed Huge economic cost Southern economy ruined North actually grows economically U.S. becomes a major industrial nation