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Chapter Objectives Section 4: The Turning Point • Evaluate the importance of events at Vicksburg and Gettysburg. • Describe how battles in Tennessee helped turn the war increasingly in favor of the Union. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Major Battles of the Civil War After Antietam Battle of Fredericksburg Lincoln fires McClellan after Antietam Dec. 13, 1862 Fredericksburg, VA (US) Ambrose Burnside (CSA) Lee (US) 115,000 (CSA) 78,000 Burnside moves to VA Worried he will get fired if he is not aggressive Lee’s troops are on the S bank of the Rappahannock R. US Gen. Ambrose Burnside Fredericksburg (cont’d) Lee spreads troops over Marye Heights overlooking the town Burnside crosses the river on pontoons in cannon range Believes the S will be surprised Lee allows them in the town Pontoons at Fredericksburg Pontoons at Fredericksburg Fredericksburg from Marye Heights Fredericksburg (cont’d) Burnside orders charge after charge Est. casualties (US) 13,000 (CSA) 5,000 Burnside resigns Artillery at Fredericksburg The stone wall at Fredericksburg Battle of Chancellorsville May 1-5, 1863 Chancellorsville, VA (US) Joseph Hooker (CSA) Lee (US) 115,000 (CSA) 59,000 CSA Gen. JEB Stuart spots Union army Union fights and retreats into the woods Lee & Jackson split army US Gen. Joseph Hooker CSA Cavalry JEB Stuart Chancellorsville (cont’d) Confederates attack & may have won until it gets dark Night of May 2, Jackson and soldiers scout Union forces As they come back, Jackson’s men mistake them for Union soldiers and Jackson is hit 3 times Have to amputate his left arm Stuart takes Jackson’s command CSA Gen. Stonewall Jackson Chancellorsville May 5- Defeat the Union army and they retreat May 10- Stonewall Jackson dies of pneumonia Lee loses his “strong right arm” Est. casualties (US) 17,000 (CSA) 14,000 Stonewall Jackson’s death bed Stonewall Jackson gravesite Dead soldier at Chancellorsville After Chancellorsville After Union defeats at Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville, many northerners are considering letting the S go. S is running out of resources Lee plans to attack in the N to see if it will end the war Battle of Gettysburg July 1-4, 1863 Gettysburg, PA (US) George Meade (CSA) Lee (US) 95,000 (CSA) 79,000 Confederate soldiers go to Gettysburg to get shoes Skirmish with Union troops Both sides rush to Gettysburg US Gen. George Meade Gettysburg (cont’d) Fight between Cemetary Ridge (N) & Seminary Ridge (S) Lee plans to attack Cemetary Ridge the next day July 2, Gen. James Longstreet is slow to get into position AL troops try to take Little Round Top Held off by Joshua Chamberlain and Maine troops From Seminary to Cemetary Ridge CSA Gen. James Longstreet Little Round Top Gettysburg (cont’d) July 3- Conf. begin a cannon barrage No retreat Desperate- Lee plans another attack Longstreet opposes it Confederates begin Pickett’s Charge “High tide of the Confederacy” Closest they are to winning war (N most point ever) Between 8-10,000 Conf. soldiers die July 4- Conf. begin retreat CSA Gen. George Pickett Gettysburg (cont’d) Est. Casualties (US) 23,000 (CSA) 28,000 S sends peace delegation (Lincoln will not talk) The Road to Gettysburg (cont.) Why was the Battle of Gettysburg the turning point of the Civil War? The Battle of Gettysburg cost General Lee a third of his Confederate forces. For the rest of the war, Lee’s forces remained on the defensive, slowly giving ground to the advancing Union army. The Union’s victory strengthened the Republicans politically and ensured that the British would not recognize the Confederacy. (pages 370–372) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. War in the West 1862-David Farragut (US Navy) captures New Orleans Ulysses S. Grant (unconditional surrender)is trying to gain complete control of the MS River Port Hudson, LA and Vicksburg are the last S strongholds Vicksburg is on a high bluff Surrounded by swamps 1 way in from the E Grant tries to attack city or bypass it unsuccessfully War in the West (cont’d) Apr. 1863- go S of Vicksburg and attack Jackson, MS Draws soldiers from Vicksburg under John Pemberton Union takes Jackson and S retreats Late May, Grant begins a siege of Vicksburg Shell it for a month Conf. soldiers begin eating horses, mules and dogs Shortly before the Confederate surrender in Vicksburg, the Union was strengthened by the addition of a new state. On June 20, 1863, West Virginia became the thirty-fifth state when the western part of Virginia broke away from Virginia. War in the West (cont’d) Late June- Conf. rationed to 1 biscuit 1 bacon/day July 4- John Pemberton surrenders Vicksburg July 8- Port Hudson surrenders The Union controls the MS River South is cut in two “spinal cord is severed” Vicksburg Falls (cont.) Why was the capture of Vicksburg an important part of the Union’s strategy? By capturing Vicksburg, the Union forces gained control of the Mississippi River and it cut the South in two. (pages 369–370) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Gettysburg Address Nov. 19, 1863 15,000 people gather to dedicate a Union soldier cemetary Edward Everett gives a 2 hr speech Abraham Lincoln gives a 2 min. speech called the Gettysburg Address Which is Lincoln’s most famous speech? Gettysburg Cemetary Gettysburg Cemetary Gettysburg Address Photo Lincoln at Gettysburg Critical Thinking Analyzing What do you think might have been the outcome of the war if the Confederates had won the Battle of Gettysburg? Why do you think so? Possible answer: The outcome would have been a Union victory but a longer war. With a victory, the Confederates may have been able to convince Britain to assist the Confederacy. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Visuals Examining Photographs Examine the photograph on page 370 of your textbook of Vicksburg, Mississippi. From looking at the picture, what do you think life was like for troops during a siege? Why do you think the troops were trying to tunnel under Confederate lines? Possible answers: Life was dirty, uncomfortable, and boring. Tunnels allowed Union troops to sneak behind the lines and launch an attack at the front and the back of Confederate troops. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.