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The Civil War Ends
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Total War
• General Ulysses S. Grant
named commander of the
Union army in March 1864
• Grant’s strategy
– Pursue Lee in Virginia
– General Sherman push to the
Atlantic
• Sherman uses total war to cut
a path 60 miles wide and 300
miles long through Georgia
– His success aids in Lincoln’s
victory in the election of 1864
– Breaks the spirit of the South
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Battle
Date
State
Leaders V & I
N/S
The
May 4 – Virginia Grant
Wilderness 6, 1864
Lee
Confederate
victory, but
Union did
not retreat
and kept
pressing Lee
Wilderness Campaign
• Both forces fought in a
mangle of trees and
brush
– So thick it was difficult to
see each other
• Union lost 17,000 men
– Grant vowed not to retreat
• June 1864, at Petersburg
they dug trenches and
fought for 10 months
• On April 3, 1865 the
Union took Richmond,
the Confederate capital
– Confederates attempted to
burn it
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Battle
Date
State
Leaders
N/S
Atlanta
July 16 – Georgia Sherman
Sept 2,
1864
Hood
Victor &
importance
of outcome
Union
captured the
“heart of the
South”
launched the
“march to the
sea” leading
to total war
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nd
2
Lincoln’s
Inauguration
• March 4, 1865
– Cold, windy, rainy day in
Washington, D.C.
• Lincoln
spoke
in front
of for all; with firmness in the right, as God
“With malice
toward none;
with charity
the
building
givesCapital
us to see the
right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up
•
the
wounds;
to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his
– nation's
Dome was
complete
widow, and his orphan--to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting
among
ourselves,
John Wilkespeace,
Booth
was
an and with all nations.”
invited guest
• Recalled the major cause of
war
• Vowed to restore peace &
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unity
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CONFEDERATE LINES
BREAK ON APRIL 2, 1865
LEE RETREATS WEST OF RICHMOND
UNION BLOCKED HIS ESCAPE ROUTE
“There is nothing left for me to do but go & see
General Grant, & I would rather die a thousand
deaths.”
Main Battles -Review
Battle
Date
State
Leaders V & I
N/S
Appomattox
Courthouse
(surrender)
April 9, Virginia Grant
1865
Lee
Lee signs the
Unions terms of
surrender;
Confederates
were allowed to
return home with
property (except
weapons)
Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox
Courthouse, Virginia, April 9, 1965
Lee surrendered to Grant
Confederates sent home without weapons
“I felt like anything rather than rejoicing at the downfall of a foe who had fought
so long and valiantly…though [the cause]…[was] one of the worst for which a
people ever fought, and one which there was the least excuse. I do not question
the sincerity of the great mass of those who were opposed to us.”
Jefferson Davis is captured on May 10 & the war officially ends
Cost of the War
Casualties
• Deadliest war in US
history
– 620,000 dead
– 535,000 wounded
• 3,000,000 served
– About 10% of the
population
Union
Confederacy
Death from
wounds
110,070
94,000
Death from
disease
249,458
164,000
Total death
rate
23 percent
24 percent
Wounded
275,175
100,000
(approx.)
Economic Costs
• Federal loans and taxes to finance the
war totaled $2.6 billion = $36.5 billion today
• Federal debt on June 30, 1865 rose to $2.7
billion = almost $37 billion today
• North & South combined
• Confederate debt ran over $700 million = $9
spent more than 5 times
billion today
the spent in the previous
• Union inflation reached 179% by 1865
8 DECADES
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• Confederate inflation rose to 9,000%
Constitutional Amendment
• Union Army marched
through the South &
released slaves
– The officers read the
Emancipation Proclamation
at each plantation
• Jan. 1865 – Lincoln
urged Congress to end
slavery
• 13th Amendment
passed in 1865
– Ended slavery in America
– By year’s end, 27 states
ratified
– 8 in the South ratified it
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Lincoln Assassinated
• Lincoln shot 5 days
after the surrender
– While watching a play at
Ford’s Theatre in
Washington, D.C.
• He’s shot by a
Confederate supporter,
John Wilkes Booth
– Booth jumped onto the
stage and escaped
– Broke his leg in the
process
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Lincoln’s Assassination
• Secretary of State
William Seward was
stabbed
– He later recovered
• Vice President Andrew
Johnson was supposed
to be assassinated
• Booth was tracked &
killed
• The other conspirators
were hanged or
imprisoned
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Assassination
Aftermath
• Lincoln died the next
morning
– The bullet could not
be removed from his
brain
– First president to be
assassinated
Funeral procession for President Lincoln
Victory parade after the
surrender
• Vice Pres. Andrew
Johnson was sworn
in as the 17th
President of the U.S.
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Causes
Immediate Effects
Conflict over slavery in the
territories
Economic differences between
the North & South
Failure of Congress to
compromise
Election of Lincoln as president
Secession of Southern states
Firing on Fort Sumter
Abolition of slavery
Devastation of the South
Reconstruction of South
Long-Term Effects
Growth of industry
Government more power
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Nation reunited
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