Download CH 12 Reconstruction

CH 12
Reconstruction
1865 - 1877
Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16

Read “An American Story” on page
386.


What would life be like to be a freed
slave during Reconstruction?
Read “I know why the caged bird
sings” by Maya Angelou

How had things changed in the 1960’s?
Sec 1 Reconstruction Plans

There were two basic plans for how
to bring the South back into the
Union following the Civil War
2 Differing Plans

- Lincoln’s Plan –


A moderate policy that would reconcile
the South with the Union instead of
punishing it for treason
- Radical Republican’s Plan –

“revolutionize southern institutions,
habits, and manners”
Lincoln’s Plan

In Dec 1863, Lincoln set forth his
plan in the Proclamation of Amnesty
and Reconstruction

Amnesty – a pardon to all Southerners
who took an oath of loyalty to the U.S.
and accepted the end of slavery
Radical Republicans

Led by Thaddeus Stevens of
Pennsylvania and Senator Charles
Sumner of Massachusetts.
3 Main Goals of Radical Republicans



1) prevent the leaders of the
Confederacy from returning to
power after the war
2) make the Republican Party
powerful in the South
3) Help African Americans achieve
equality under the law and the right
to vote.
The Freedmen’s Bureau


Established in the last years of the
Civil War
Meant to provide food, clothing, and
education for the thousands of free
African Americans in the South
Discussion Question

Do you think Presidents Johnson
and Lincoln were wise in not
seeking harsh treatment for the
southern states in their plans for
Reconstruction?
Sec 2
Congressional Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson
became president
after Lincoln’s
assassination

He was a former
Democrat from
Tennessee who had
owned slaves


Johnson’s reconstruction plan was
much like Lincolns
However, as Southern states
rejoined the union, Republicans
began to fear the Democrats
influence in Congress
Black Codes


- laws passed in the South during
Reconstruction to control Freedmen
These along with Democrats joining
Congress outraged Republicans and
made them enact their own
Reconstruction plans


In and effort to override the Black
Codes, Congress passed the Civil
Rights Act of 1866
Fearing the courts might overturn
it, they introduced it as the 14th
Amendment
Congressional Elections of 1866

Republicans achieved an
overwhelming victory, winning
almost a 3 – 1 majority in Congress


In March 1867, Congress passed
the Military Reconstruction Act
By 1868 six states had rejoined the
union, NC, SC, FL, AL, LA, AR


Also in 1868, Johnson became the
first president to be impeached
However, the Senate was one vote
short of removing him from office.
Election of 1868

Grant won the
presidential
election of 1868
on the
Republican ticket
15th Amendment

In 1870, Congress passed the 15th
Amendment, saying the right to
vote “shall not be denied on account
of race, color, or previous condition
of servitude”.
Sec 3 Republican Rule

As Southern politics
and society
changed, some
began to try to
profit from the
change with power
and money.


Carpetbaggers – Northerners who
moved to the South to profit from
Reconstruction
Scalawags –Southerners who
worked with the Republicans in
hopes of rising in society

Former Whigs, small farm owners,
businessmen
Southern Politics
Many educated blacks from the
North served as early leaders.
Former slaves soon became
involved in the process.
 Saw success on all levels of
government.
 Republicans also had support
from poor white farmers.

Reforms In the South




Repealed Black Codes
Medical Improvements (Hospitals,
Etc.)
New transportation systems
Corruption
African American Communities

Education



Public Schools (40% enrolled by 1876)
Beginnings of the HBCU system
Churches
Southern Resistance


Ku Klux Klan - started in 1866 by former
confederate soldiers in Pulaski, Tenn.
 It’s goal was to retake the South for
Democrats
Enforcement Acts
1. Federal crime to interfere with voting
2. Federal elections under the supervision
of federal marshals.
3. Ku Klux Klan Act
Sec 4 Reconstruction Collapses

Grant became president in 1868 but
had little experience as a politician
Scandals of Grant Second Term

Whiskey Ring

Credit Mobilier

Tweed Ring

“Boss” Tweed
Reconstruction Ends


By 1876 Democrats had taken back
control of most of all the southern
legislatures
Jim Crow Laws – laws in the
southern states after Reconstruction
that stripped African Americans of
basic rights like voting.
Election of 1876

Republicans
nominated
Rutherford B.
Hayes for
president, who
won 185 electoral
votes

Democrats
nominated Samuel
Tilden, who had
184 electoral
votes, one away
from winning the
election


Hayes was deemed the winner of
the election through the
Compromise of 1877
The deal allowed Hayes to be
named the winner in return for
pulling the troops out of the South
and ending reconstruction


With the end of Reconstruction
former slaves lost all hope to
receive land of their own
Most resorted to either becoming
tenant farmers or share croppers
Essay Question

Explain the events of the
Reconstruction period in terms of
the competing plans, Republican
control, and then the end of
Reconstruction