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The Civil War
Chapter 17
1861-1865
Ch 17.1
The Conflict Takes Shape
17.1 Key Terms
1) border states - Kentucky, Missouri,
Maryland, and Delaware - decided to
remain in the Union
2) martial law - rule by the army instead of
the elected government.
A. What issues divided the nation
when the war began?
• Southerners believed they
had the right to leave the
Union.
• They called the conflict the
War for Southern
Independence.
• Southerners wanted
independence to keep their
traditional way of life
– including the institution of
slavery.
• Northerners believed that
they had to fight to save the
Union.
– “preserve the Union.”
• At the outset of the war,
abolishing slavery was not
an official goal of the North.
• In fact, many northerners,
guided by feelings of racism,
approved of slavery.
B. Who were the leaders of
each side in the war?
• President Jefferson
Davis of the
Confederacy
– Experience from West
Point and Mexican
War
– Secretary of War
under F. Pierce
– Would have rather
been fighting than
leading
– “Micromanager”
• President Abraham
Lincoln of the Union
– not have much
experience in national
politics or military
matters
– patient but strong
leader and a fine war
planner
– Set up a council of
advisers called “Team
of Rivals”
C. What were the advantages for
the North and South at the
beginning of the Civil War?
pp. 487-489
South
1. Experience hunting
2. Better-trained officers
3. Robert E. Lee
4. Jefferson Davis
5. Fighting for
independence
6. Fighting a defensive war
to preserve slavery
7. Fighting on their own
territory
North
1. More railroads to move
supplies and soldiers
2. More people to grow food
3. Larger population
4. Abraham Lincoln
5. More natural resource to
use during war
6. More factories to produce
goods for the war
Ch 17.2
No Easy Victory
17.2 Key Terms
• Battle of Bull
Run
• Virginia
• Monitor
• Antietam
• Fredericksburg
• Chancellorsville
• Shiloh
Review: How the Civil War started
(Why?)
1) Nov 1860 - Abraham Lincoln is
elected president of the US without
winning any southern states
2) Dec 1860 – 7 states secede, form the
Confederate States of America, and
elect Jefferson Davis president
3) April 1861 - Confederacy attacks
Union fort in SC (Fort Sumter)
provoking the Union to declare war
on the Confederacy
• What was the North’s official goal
at the outset of the war?
A. What strategies did each side
adopt to win the war?
• Southerners would fight a
defensive war until
northerners tired of fighting
• If war became unpopular in
the North, the South would
get its independence
• South counted on the
political and economic
support from Europe
– Europe bought cotton
• Naval blockade of all
southern ports
– “Anaconda Plan”
• Seize Richmond, VA, the
Confederate capital city
• Seize control of MS
River to the west
– To cut off supply routes
– To divide AR, TX, and LA
from the other CSs
Anaconda Plan
B. Would it be a quick war?
Manassas (Bull Run)
• July 1861
• Union troops march to
Richmond, VA to
attempt to capture
Confederate capital
• Confederate troops
forced a bloody
retreat
• Confederate victory
Effects of battle:
• Soldiers on both
sides would need a
lot more training
• The North had
poor leadership
– Lincoln appoints
G.C. McClellan
as commander of
army
• The war would be
long and bloody
C. Bloody Battles of 1862
2nd Battle of Manassas
(aka 2nd Bull Run)
• August 1862
• Union troops march to
Richmond, VA to
again attempt to
capture capital
• Confederate troops
go on the offensive
• Confederate victory
Antietam
• Lee marches troops
into the North (MD)
• September 17, 1862
– 23,000 casualties
• No clear winner, but
Lee retreats, and
McClellan lets him go
• Many northerners are
outraged, so
McClellan is replaced
D. Ironclad Ships Change Warfare
• South builds ironclad Virginia to defend against
North’s naval blockade
• North responds with the USS Monitor
• Armored ships battle several times without a winner
• South sinks their ironclad when the North captures
Norfolk, VA
On Board the USS Monitor
E. Confederate and Union Victories
Fredericksburg
• On a hill outside of
Richmond, VA
• December 1862
• Lee’s troops mow down
Union troops
• One of the Union’s worst
defeats
Chancellorsville
• VA, May 1863
• South wins, but takes
heavy losses
• Key Southern General
Stonewall Jackson is killed
by friendly fire.
Shiloh
• Union attempts to
win in the west
• April 1863 near
a
river in TN
• US Grant leads
Union troops to
a
costly victory
• Union gains
control of Memphis,
TN and New
Orleans, LA
– Control the MS
River, a major
supply line for the
South
Ch 17.3