Download North vs. South

North vs. South
A Cultural Divide
Goals 19
• Identify differences
between North and South
in the following areas
1. Geography
2. Transportation
3. Society
4. Economy
• Explain how these
differences help cause
the Civil War
Geography of the North and South
• 4 distinct
seasons
• Jagged NE
coast with rocky
soil
• Thick forests in
New England
• Wide plains with
rich soil in
NY,Penn, and
NJ
• Deforestation
• Ohio to IL have
rich prairie soils
• MD to FL and to
LA and TX
• Mild winter, hot
humid summers
• Coastal plains
and marshes
• Appalachian
Mts., natural
resources
• Broad flat rivers
• Shipping
resources
Economy of the North and South
• Industrial
Revolution/Indu
strialist
• Steam powered
machinery
• Lowell and the
Lowell Girls
• Unskilled
laborers worked
in factories
• McCormicks
Reaper
• Central Plains as
the “Bread
Basket of
America”
• Agrarians and
Plantations
• Cotton Gin
• 1860 Cotton
was the number
one export
• Growth of
slavery: 1790
500,000 to
3,000,000 in
1850
• Most goods
came from the
North
Inventions of the 1800’s
• Factory Conditions
Transportation
• National
Roads and
the American
System
• Steamboats
and clipper
ships
• Canals
• 20,000 miles
of railroads
• Steam
powered
river boats
• Cotton
shipped
down river
• Mississippi
River
• 10,000 miles
of rail
Society of the North and South
• Rich planters
lived in large
mansions
• Some white
farmers owned
their own small
farms
• Free African
Americans
worked as
craftspeople,
servants, and
laborers
• Slave culture
• Growing
number lived in
cities
• African
Americans free
but not equal
• Immigration
movements,
especially from
Ireland and
Germany
A Dividing Nation
Chapter 21
Goals chapter 21
• List the issues that divided the North
and South prior to the war.
• Describe the provisions of the Missouri
Compromise and the Compromise of
1850
• Explain the significance of other key
events: Wilmot Proviso, Ostend
Manifesto, Kansas-Nebraska Act, John
Brown’s war, Dred Scott Decision,
and the Lincoln Douglass Debates
Polk
Expansionist
Annexed Texas,
Signed a Treaty for
Oregon, secured
N.M, CA
Dem
Taylor
War Hero
Vetoes Wilmot
Proviso and dies in
office
Dem
Fillmore
VP of Taylor
Not against a
compromise over
Cal
Whig
Pierce
Pacify
Transcontinental
Railroad/Ostend
Manifesto
Whig
Buchanan
Pacify
Bloody Kansas
and Dred Scott
Dem
Lincoln
Unionist
First Republican to
win presidency.
Main goal is to
preserve the union
Rep
21.2 Confronting Slavery
• Northwest Ordinance and
the balance of slave vs.
free
• Missouri applies as a slave
state
• Tallmadge Amendment:
Missouri as a free state
• States’ rights protests and
the balance of Congress
21.3 Missouri Compromise
• Illinois statehood in 1818
• 1819=11 free states and 11
slave states
• House vs. Senate
• Henry Clay “The Great
Compromiser”
• Missouri Compromise and
the 36°30N
• Maine admitted as a free
state
21.4 Nat Turner’s Rebellion
• 1831 slave rebellion
• Large scale revolt
• Strict new laws in the south
to prevent abolitionist from
spreading their ideas
• The north harbored
runaway slaves
• Underground Railroad
traffic increases
21.4 Expansion and Slavery
• 500,000 square miles newly
added after MexicanAmerican war
• Wilmot Proviso and Popular
Sovereignty
• Free Soil Party: America’s
first third party
• California and the
Compromise of 1850
21.5 Provisions of the Compromise
of 1850
• California free state
• Slavery abolished in
Washington D.C.
• New Mexico territory divided
into NM and Utah could
become slave states through
popular sovereignty
• More severe Fugitive Slave act
that allowed Federal Marshalls
to catch runaways
21.5 Fugitive Slave Act 1850
• Most Northerners were not
abolitionists
• Southerners saw slavery as
an economic necessity
• All citizens were to enforce
the law
• Fines up to $1,000 and
prison if you helped a
runaway
21.6Underground Railroad
• Organized system to move
slaves to Canada
• Series of safe houses and
escorts
• Harriet Tubman risked her life
several times to lead runaways
• Large reward for her capture
eventually led to her quitting
• Possibility that part of the
system ran through Williamsville
21.6Antislavery Literature
Frederick Douglass
• Slave narratives
• Spoke as an abolitionist
Harriett Beecher Stowe
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Between 1852-1862
2,000,000 copies sold
21.6 Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Milliard Fillmore then Franklin Pierce
• Stephen Douglas and the
transcontinental railroad through
Illinois
• Kansas-Nebraska Act: organized the
rest of the Louisiana Territory into twoKansas and Nebraska that would
decide slavery by popular sovereignty
• In exchange, southern congressmen
would vote for the railroad to go
through Chicago and not through the
south
• Ostend Manifesto: attempt to buy
Cuba leaked out
21.6 Bleeding Kansas
• Two separate governments
with two hostile sets of
people with weapons
• May 1856 violence with
border ruffians and
retaliation by John Brown
at Potawatomie Creek
• The attack on Charles
Sumner in the Senate
Biographies
John Brown
• Abolitionist who
vowed to purge the
nation of slavery
• Led retaliatory
massacre of proslavery settlers in
Kansas
Stephen Douglas
• Struck a deal in
congress to organize
the Kansas and
Nebraska territories
• Wanted popular
sovereignty there in
exchange for a
transcontinental
railroad to go
through Chicago
21.7 Politics and Slavery
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
Republican Party: combination of
Whigs, Dem, and free soilers
Election of 1856 is Buchanan vs.
Fremont
Dred Scott sued for his freedom in
1856
Taney ruled that:
No rights for Africans as citizens
Missouri compromise
unconstitutional (5th Amendment)
Citizenship depended on the color
of your skin
21.8 Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• 1858 Race for the Senate
• Lincoln, a Republican, argues that a
house divided against itself cannot
stand and that slavery is a moral issue
not a legal one
• Douglas, a Democrat, argues that the
Dred Scott decision ended the slavery
debate that it was legal and was
maintained by the Constitution.
• Douglas also says that slavery should
be decided by the people
• Douglas wins but Lincoln makes a
case for slavery being wrong as a
moral issue and becomes a national
name
21.8 John Brown’s Raid on Harpers
Ferry
• The Plan (22 men to raid
the federal arsenal)
• October 16th 1859 raided
the arsenal and urged
slaves to join him
• Federal troops surround
and capture him
• Brown is executed
• Reactions in Europe
21.8 Election of 1860
• Lincoln for the Republicans,
Douglas for the N. Dem,
Breckinridge for S. Dem and
John Bell for the Constitutional
Union Party
• Lincoln wins despite not
carrying a single southern state
• Dec. 17th 1860 S. Carolina votes
to secede
• Crittenden compromise fails
House of Representatives
Year
Slave
States
Free
States
1840
88
135
1860
85
155
Abraham Lincoln, the Election
of 1860, and Secession
"A House Divided"
•
In his “House Divided” speech,
Abraham Lincoln addresses how
the election of President Buchanan,
the Nebraska Bill, and the Dred
Scott decision will affect the unity of
the Nation.
•
“In my opinion, it will not cease, until a crisis
shall have been reached, and passed. ``A
house divided against itself cannot stand.'' I
believe this government cannot endure;
permanently half slave and half free. I do not
expect the Union to be dissolved ---I do not
expect the house to fall ---but I do expect it will
cease to be divided. It will become all one
thing, or all the other.”
“Either the opponents of slavery, will arrest the
further spread of it, and place it where the
public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in
course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates
will push it forward, till it shall become alike
lawful in all the States, old as well as new--North as well as South. Have we no tendency
to the latter condition?”
•
1860 Election Banners
South Carolina's Causes for
Secession from the Union
•
•
•
•
The election of 1860 has left many on edge in the
South, particularly South Carolina.
The fear that a Republican President would take
actions to limit states' rights has led them to take
drastic action.
In this declaration, South Carolina outlines there
reasons for secession from the Union.
“The people of the State of South
Carolina….declared that the frequent violations of
the Constitution of the United States, by the
Federal Government, and its encroachments
upon the reserved rights of the States, fully
justified this State in then withdrawing from the
Federal Union; but in deference to the opinions
and wishes of the other slaveholding States, she
forbore at that time to exercise this right. Since
that time, these encroachments have continued to
increase, and further forbearance ceases to be a
virtue.”
Constitution of the Confederate
States of America
• When the framers of the Confederate
Constitution set out to draft the document
they were set on forming a document that
was fundamentally different form the one
they opposed.
• The framers wanted a document that not
only represented their ideological
differences, but their governing differences
as well.
• Ironically, in the end, the only difference
that can be found between the two
documents is in the ideology.
Confederate President - Jefferson
Davis
• Jefferson Davis served as the provisional president of
the Confederacy until elections could be held.
• On February 18, 1861 he delivered his inaugural
address.
• In this address, the causes for southern secession and
the differences between their government and that of the
Union are explained.
• “We have changed the constituent parts, but not the
system of our Government. The Constitution formed by
our fathers is that of these Confederate States, in their
exposition of it, and in the judicial construction it has
received, we have a light which reveals its true
meaning.”
Crittenden Compromise
• On March 4, 1861, a Peace Convention was held in
Washington.
• This convention was called to order by the state of
Virginia.
• Virginia, on the verge of secession, was looking for a
way they could compromise with the federal government
before making the final decision.
• The outcome of the Peace Convention was the
Crittenden Compromise.
• This compromise proposed six amendments to the
Constitution and four resolutions. The amendments and
resolutions were centered around slavery, slave trade,
and fugitive slave laws.
A Cure for Republican Lock-Jaw
•
This cartoon depicts congressional efforts to pass the Crittenden Compromise.
Abraham Lincoln's
First Inaugural Address
• In his first Inaugural
Address, Abraham
Lincoln, addresses
the issue of South
Carolina seceding
from the Union.
• In doing so, he also
outlines how he will
handle the situation
as President of the
United States.
• The picture is of the
crowd gathered to
see Abraham Lincoln
delivering his first
Lincoln's July 4 Message to
Congress
• On July 4, 1861, President Abraham
Lincoln addressed a special session of
Congress.
• In this address, he announced that a war
has been declared on the states that
seceded from the Union.
• He also calls on Congress to make
available the funds and man power
needed for a short war.
• “It is now recommended that you give the
legal means for making this contest a
short, and a decisive one; that you place