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Civil War
African American History
Inevitable or Avoidable?
Territorial Expansion disturbed the balance
Six Decades of National Growth led to
sectional strife
American Nationalism tested
Slave and Free Labor Economic Systems
Review
What was Southern Confederates goals in
the war?
___________ refers to “enemy property”
__________ an area that was successfully
defended near the Mississippi by black
soldiers against rebels.
Review Part II
Is War really necessary today? Did blacks
have a right to get involved in this war?
Why or Why not?
___________ hard-nosed southern racist,
who eventually was elected as the President
of the Confederate States of America
Review III
True/False; Lincoln’s initial position on slavery
was that he supported it?
True/False; General Order 11 was a threat by
Lincoln to execute southern troops or confine
them to hard labor?
True/False; John C. Fremont, A union general was
threatened by Lincoln to stop freeing slaves after
the First Confiscation Act was passed
Review Part IV
First Confiscation Act stated that
any_________ belonged to Confederacy
and used in war effort could be seized.
List the Four Border States: Why were they
considered border states?
True/False; The firing on Fort Pillow by the
Confederates led to the beginning of the
civil war.
Crittenden Compromise 1861
Last minute compromise that recognized
slavery in territories south of the 36 30’N
latitude line.
Lincoln rejected
Horace Greeley, New York Tribune,
proposed that the federal government allow
seceding states to go in peace
FIRE CRACKERS TO THE WAR
Benjamin Butler, Union General
“contraband” --enemy property and put
them to work. Over a thousand runaways
fled to Fortress Monroe.
1,000 plus runaway slaves fled to Fort
Monroe.
FIRE CRACKERS CONTINUED
Aug. 6, 1861 First Confiscation Act was
passed
which stated that any property that belonged
to Confederates that was used in the war
effort could be seized by federal forces.
John C. Freemont began to free slaves in
Missouri: Why would Lincoln have a
problem with this?
FIRECRACKERS
The Fort Pillow Massacre
Nathan Bedford Forrest
slaughtered black troops and their white
commander William F. Bradford
No one was ever punished during or after
the war.
founder of the Ku Klux Klan
The New York City Draft Riot
Poor, unskilled Irish workers, and other Northerns
convinced by Democrats
War was to benefit blacks
white. For four days, city police could control and
blacks were beaten and lynched. The Colored
Orphaged was burned to the ground,
businesses employing blacks and Protestant
churches were destroyed
Lincoln’s Position
Believed secession was wrong
Committed to stopping the expansion of
slavery
Emphasized his duty to enforce the laws of
the United States
Fort Sumter
Occupied by Federal troops
Confederates blocked the fort
Lincoln promised to send food but no soldiers to
re-supply Fort Sumter
Jefferson Davis ordered General Beauregard to
force a surrender of Fort Sumter
When refused, Confederates fired upon Sumter
Secession
South Carolina seceded following Lincoln’s
election
Six other Lower South states followed
After Fort Sumter, Upper South states (VA,
NC, TN, and AK) seceded
Border States: Missouri, Maryland,
Kentucky, & Delaware
Aims of the War
South
Defend their rights
Protect their way of
life
Defend their families
and property
North
Maintain the
supremacy of the
Constitution
Preserve the Union
Advantages
North
Greater Population
Railroad Mileage
Factories
South
Leadership
Military Tactics
Morale/Confidence
The Issue of Slavery
“If I could save the Union without freeing
any slave, I would do it, and if I could save
the Union by freeing all the slaves, I would
do it.”
-President Lincoln
Lincoln’s Dilemma
Lincoln personally opposed slavery
Could not legally abolish it
Concerned about the Border States
Saw the importance of slave labor to the
South’s war effort
Ending slavery became a strategy for
winning the war
Emancipation Proclamation
September 1862, Lincoln proclaimed that
on January 1, 1863 slaves in the rebelling
territories would be free.
Slaves under Confederate control were to be
set free
Slaves under Union control were not set
free
Reaction
Condemned and ignored in the South
Debated heavily in the North
Abolitionists believed Lincoln should end
slavery
Blacks assumed that with a Northern
victory slavery would end
Contraband
Significance
The war to preserve the Union now
becomes a revolutionary struggle for the
abolition of slavery.
Black Soldiers
Blacks were initially rejected
July 1862 Congress authorized Lincoln to
accept blacks
180,000 enlisted immediately
Most were southerners
54th Massachusetts –Fort Wagner
Blacks Roles during the War
. Mary Elizabeth Bowser worked at the
Confederate White House spy: Jeff. Davis
Robert Smalls 23 yr old slave, served on
the The Planter a Confederate supply ship.
fifteen other slaves including the families of
several crewmen and his own wife,
daughter and son.
Black Roles continued
Harriet Tubman organized a spy ring in
the South Carolina
Second South Carolina Volunteer Regiment,
organize an expedition that destroyed
plantations and freed nearly 800 hundred
slaves, many of whom joined the Union
Army.
Europe’s Reaction
Perhaps the most significant reaction
Proclamation ended any real chance of
France and Great Britain intervening in the
war (Antislavery/Abolitionism)
The War for Constitutional Liberty; The War for Southern
Independence; The Second American Revolution; The
War for States' Rights; Mr. Lincoln's War; The War of the
Southern Planters; The War of Rebellion; The Second
War for Independence; The War to Suppress Yankee
Arrogance; The Brothers' War; The War of Secession;
The War Against Slavery; The War for Separation; The
War for Abolition; The War of the Southrons; The War of
the North and South; The Lost Cause; The War Between
the States (Davis, 79).
The title The War Between the States is