Download RECONSTRUCTION

RECONSTRUCTION
1865-1877
RECONSTRUCTION
The period in U.S.
history which
followed the Civil
War, during which the
Confederate states
were restored to the
Union.
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THE TWO BIG QUESTIONS
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Should the
Confederate states be
punished?
What should be done
to help the former
slaves?
PLANS FOR
RECONSTRUCTION
Lincoln’s plan—
pardon all Southerners
who took an oath of
allegiance to the
Union; they could then
set up state
governments and write
constitutions.
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PLANS FOR
RECONSTRUCTION
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Johnson’s plan—the
same as Lincoln’s, but
Confederate leaders
were not pardoned.
Southern states began
organizing under this
plan.
PROBLEMS AROSE…
Southern states began
passing black codes—
laws restricting the
civil rights of freed
slaves.
Confederate leaders
were elected to
Congress.
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A NEW RECONSTRUCTION
PLAN
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Radical Republican
plan—the Republicans
in Congress became
angry and made a very
harsh plan to punish
white Southerners.
Andrew Johnson
became president
when Lincoln was
assassinated.
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ANDREW JOHNSON
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Southerner and former
slave-holder
He disagreed with the
Radical Republican
plan
Congress impeached
(brought charges
against) Johnson in
1868.
IMPEACHMENT
In cases of
impeachment, the
Senate acts as a jury
during the trial that is
held. A 2/3 vote is
needed for conviction
and removal from
office. Johnson kept
the office of president
by one vote.
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RECONSTRUCTION ENDS
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Rutherford B. Hayes
was elected president
in 1877.
Federal troops were
removed from the
South because of an
agreement Hayes
made to become
president.
LASTING EFFECTS OF
RECONSTRUCTION
Public school system
in the South
Solid South—support
for the Democratic
Party that lasted for
100 years
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EFFECTS, CONT.
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13th Amendment—
abolished slavery
14th Amendment—
citizenship
15th Amendment—
suffrage
EFFECTS, CONT.
Segregation was
firmly established in
the South through Jim
Crow laws.
Violence was used to
keep blacks from
exercising their civil
rights (KKK)
Voting restrictions
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Jim Crow laws
separated whites from
blacks in every aspect
of Southern society.
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VOTING RESTRICTIONS
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Poll tax—pay a fee to
vote
Literacy test—had to
be able to read and
write to vote
Grandfather clause—
allowed poor,
illiterate, white
Southerners to vote
GRANDFATHER CLAUSE
Exempted anyone
from the literacy test
and the poll tax if their
father or grandfather
had been eligible to
vote in 1850. All
black Americans were
slaves in 1850, so the
clause did not apply to
them.
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PLESSY v. FERGUSON (1896)
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The Supreme Court
ruled that segregation
was legal if “separate,
but equal” facilities or
access was given to
blacks. This made Jim
Crow laws
constitutional.