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The Civil War “A nation divided can not stand.” The Coming of War 1850 slavery really came into focus North questioned the morality of slavery 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Stowe Depicted the horrors of slavery “so this is the little lady who started the big war.” Lincoln Southern Society The South considered slaves property They believed that the North was getting rich off cheap labor Invention’s of the time helped contribute to separation Cotton Gin in south Railroad and Telegrams in the north North vs. South Population 21.5 Million Population 9 Million Railroad mileage 21.7 Railroad mileage 9 thousand miles Factories 110 thousand Bank Deposits 207 million dollars thousand Factories 20 thousand Bank Deposits 47 million dollars Compromise of 1850 Main men behind the compromise was Clay, Calhoun, Daniel Webster California would come in as a free state New Mexico and Utah would decide by popular sovereignty Congress abolished sale of enslaved people in Washington D.C. Slavery would remain legal in D.C. Fugitive Slave Act passed (victory for south) Kansas-Nebraska Act Both states were ready for statehood, however they were both above the Missouri compromise line Senator Steven Douglas from Illinois wanted to run for President To do this he needed southern votes Wanted to build railroads through Kansas and Nebraska to improve city of Chicago Proposed that the two states would determine their own statues by popular sovereignty Bleeding Kansas John Brown, evangelical believed he was sent by God to end slavery Killed five men (proslavery) outside their homes Began the summer of violence “bleeding Kansas” Dred Scott v. Sandford Virginia Slave taken to a free state Supreme court ruled Scott was property African American’s were not citizens of the United States Lincoln – Douglas Debates 1858 Steven Douglas “little giant” Main man behind the Kansas-Nebraska act Debated Lincoln in a series of 7 debates Issue Popular Sovereignty Won the election for Illinois senate Abraham Lincoln New face of the Republican party Against the spread of slavery Did not believe in the equality of blacks “A house divided against itself can not stand.” Harper’s Ferry VA John Brown raid the fort Weapons depot Planned on stealing the weapons and giving them to the slaves Fort was protected by Robert E. Lee Captured and killed for Treason against the United States The War Starts South Carolina secedes from the Union and six other states follow (FL, MS, Al, GA, LA, TX) Jefferson Davis is elected president of Confederate States of America Lincoln refuses to recognize the CSA, declares the south in a state of rebellion Fort Sumter Lincoln knew he could not abandon the fort Also knew he could not make a move that looked like an act of aggression Decided to sent food and supplies to the fort, no arms or weapons Jefferson Davis ordered his generals to take the fort, by force if necessary Event sparks unity in the north large numbers of men volunteered for the army Virginia April 17th Virginia leaves the Union Largest in population Geographically close to the north Navy Yard, harbors, forts, Iron deposits Robert E. Lee US tradition, 7 presidents came from this state Once VA left others like AR, NC, TN left the Union number was up to 11 Border States Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri all slave states remained in the Union Virginia was split, western territory was antislavery The State of West Virginia was formed Tale of the Tape 21 Million People 9 Million People 4 million military eligible 1 million military eligible Naval production 25-1 Iron production 15-1 Firearm production 32-1 Northern Strategy 1. Blockade Southern ports: do not allow imports or exports 2. Control the Mississippi: cut the south in two 3. Capture the capitol of Richmond “Anaconda Plan” Southern Strategy Protect the home front War of attrition, continuously try to push back the north North had too many resources, and supplies, south could not hold them off Monitor vs. Merrimac South tried to break the blockade Iron steam ships First time Iron ships played a big role in war Bull Run Union Army tried to take Richmond Met at Bull Run 25 miles outside of Washington D.C. Greatly experienced Union Army met the Confederates General Thomas J. Jackson of South held off the Union army “Stonewall Jackson” Huge victory for the south, “secure their Independence.” Ulysses S. Grant Mexican War hero Lead the western campaign First major battle was at Shiloh, Tenn Huge victory for the North Major loss for America 13,000 Union 11,000 Confederates Robert E. Lee First major battle was at Antietam Military draw Lee pulled back to Richmond 5000 dead 19,000 wounded Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln knew slavery was legal under the constitution War was going badly for the north Congress was pressuring Lincoln to punish the south What could Lincoln do to punish the south Free the slaves North had no power to enforce it, however it increased the number of African Americans in military Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville Lee and Jackson demoralize the North, major victories for the south Gave the South confidence to invade the North Lee wanted Harrisburg PA Gettysburg Greatest battle ever fought in western hemisphere Lasted three days Lee vs. Meade Union won a decisive victory, Lee’s troops were badly weakened Turning point of the war, South could never again mount an offensive Siege at Vicksburg Around the same time as Gettysburg Grant was winning in the south Took Vicksburg and control of the Mississippi Grant could now take his troops and move north to finish off Lee in Richmond Grant would lose 60,000 men (more than Lee’s entire army) to take the capitol Sherman’s March to the Sea William Sherman and 100,000 troops began an invasion of total war Marched from Vicksburg area, trough Atlanta to the Atlantic Burning everything in the path Fields, homes, churches, anything in the way Completely demoralized the south Election of 1864 Lincoln needed to do something to gain support in south Chose Andrew Johnson a Southern Democrat as his running mate Democrats nominated George McClellan the general Lincoln fired Lincoln was elected for second term Congressed passed the 13th Amendment ending slavery Appomattox Lee Surrendered Appomattox Court house VA Allowed the Confederate soldiers to go home 500,000 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 Union Confederacy Total KIA Disease POW Wounded 112,000 405,000 54,000 58,000 4,000 620,000 Korea WWII WWI Vietnam Rev. War Civil War Other Impacts Homestead Act of 1862, gave free land in new territory if you build farm on it Clara Barton, woman field nurse, Elizabeth Blackwell first female Dr. Greenbacks- 400 million dollars printed to pay for war, paper money had no gold backing “War is hell” Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. On June 1, 1865, Senator Charles Sumner commented on what is now considered the most famous speech by President Abraham Lincoln. In his eulogy on the slain president, he called it a "monumental act." He said Lincoln was mistaken that "the world will little note, nor long remember what we say here." Rather, the Bostonian remarked, "The world noted at once what he said, and will never cease to remember it. The battle itself was less important than the speech."