Download causes of the Civil War

6th Period Journal – Wednesday, 1/7/13
Sit in your original seats in these desks!
1. What were some causes of the Civil
War?
2. What were major differences between
the North and the South prior to the
War?
3. What was the first state to secede
from the Union, and what was the 1st
battle in that state?
The Civil War
1861-1865
The North (Union) vs. the South
(Confederate States of America)
Abraham Lincoln vs. Jefferson Davis
Resources & Advantages
North
-Population
-Industry (ammunition)
-Resources
-Labor pool
-Railroad network
-Navy
-Established government
-Abraham Lincoln
South
-Strong military tradition
-Military leaders
(Robert E. Lee)
-Fighting for survival
(Psychological)
-Fighting on home soil
-Defensive War
-Washington, DC was on
the outskirts of VA
Strategies
South
Small armies;
do just enough
damage to break
the North’s will
to fight
Gain recognition
from England &
France; trade
with Europe
instead of North
North
Military
Political /
Economical
Anaconda Plan
Prevent secession
of the
Border States
(MO, KY, DE, MD)
 Anaconda Plan
 1 – Blockade Southern Ports
 2 – Take Mississippi River & Split Confederacy
 3 – Take Richmond (capital of the Confederacy)
 Fort Sumter
 April, 1861
 Charleston, SC
 Lincoln sends
supplies to
troops at fort
 South fires on
and captures fort
 Winner – South
 Start of the Civil War
 First Battle of Bull Run
 July 21, 1861
 Manassas, VA
 South Gen. P.G.T.
Beauregard & Gen.
Stonewall Jackson’s
troops defeat North
Gen. Irvin McDowell’s 30,000 troops
 Winner – South
 Citizens shocked at the carnage of war
 Lincoln fires McDowell
 Monitor v. Virginia
 March, 1862
 Off VA coast
 North Monitor v.
South Virginia
(used to be Union
Merrimack)
 Winner – None
 First battle of ironclad ships (modern naval
warfare!)
 Battle of Shiloh
 April, 1862
 Southwest Tennessee
 North Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
captures forts in TN, wins
two-day battle in Shiloh;
25,000 troop casualties
 Winner – North
 Death toll horrifying for North & South
 Grant’s reputation hurt
 Second Battle of Bull Run
 August, 1862
 Manassas, VA
 South Gen. Lee &
Jackson defeat larger
Northern force
 Winner – South
 Southern confidence is high
 Lincoln re-hires McClellan
 Battle of Antietam
 Sept. 17, 1862
 Sharpsburg, MD
 North Gen. McClellan defeats South Gen. Lee;
23,000 casualties; Lee retreats to VA
 Winner – North
 Bloodiest day in American history
 Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation
What is the significance of the advent of
photography at this time?
p. 236-239
Emancipation Proclamation
Who issued it?:
With victory at Antietam,
Lincoln issues the
Emancipation Proclamation
Whom did it free?:
All enslaved people in
rebelling states beginning
January 1, 1863
Who is this leaving out?:
It did not apply to loyal
border states or to places
that were already under
Union military control;
Didn’t free ALL slaves!
So, it received a mixed reaction (both positive and negative)
 After the Proclamation, the North begins
active recruitment of African Americans
 180,000 African American volunteers in the
Union military by war’s end
 Most well-known African American regiment:
– 54th Massachusetts Regiment
 What difficulties do
you think they faced?
 Prejudice: Assigned menial
tasks, longest guard, exposed
battle positions, lower pay, killed if captured
 Battle of Gettysburg
 July 1-3, 1863
 Pennsylvania
 General Lee & the South invade the North
 3-day battle ends after unsuccessful Southern attack
known as “Pickett’s Charge”
 50,000 casualties
 Winner – North
 ***Turning Point***
 South retreats to VA
 Lincoln issues Gettysburg Address
Gettysburg Address - November 19, 1863
 Sherman’s March to the Sea
 May – Dec 1864
 Georgia
 (North) Gen. William T. Sherman
marches from TN/GA border, through
Atlanta, to GA coast,
 Destroyed cities, factories, RRs, homes along the
way; “Total War”
 Winner – North
 Atlanta burned to the ground
 Southern economy destroyed
 Battle of Vicksburg
 July 1863
 Mississippi
 Grant places Vicksburg under siege, cutting
off supplies & bombarding the city until its
surrender
 Winner – North
 ***Turning Point in the War***
 North gains the Mississippi River,
splits Confederacy in half
Which plan does this satisfy?
Sherman’s March to the Sea
 Battle of Ft. Fisher
 December 1864
 Wilmington, NC
 Failed attempt by Union forces to capture the fort
guarding Wilmington, the South's last major port on
the Atlantic
 1st day – Union tried to blow up a ship to destroy
the Fort’s walls and failed; 2nd day – Union tried to
come ashore and failed
 320 casualties
 Winner – South
 The South keeps their port
 Battle of Bentonville
 March 1865
 North Carolina
 Confederate army launched a tactical offensive
on Union troops
 Only significant attempt to defeat the large
Sherman during its march through the
Carolinas in the spring of 1865
 Winner – North
 Largest battle fought in NC
 Appomattox Court House
 April 1865
 Virginia
 (South) Gen. Lee’s
troops are trapped
& surrounded by
Northern troops
 Lee formally surrenders to Grant
 Winner – North
 The war is (unofficially) over
Mclean House, Appomattox Court House,
Va., where Lee surrendered to Grant
 Lincoln’s Assassination
 April 14, 1865
 Ford’s Theatre, D.C.
 John Wilkes Booth sneaks into Lincoln’s booth,
shoots him in the head
 Loss of a great
leader, but seen by
many as a hero and
a symbol of freedom
 http://www.history.com/topics/john-wilkesbooth/interactives/john-wilkes-booth-timeline-and-map
Life on the Home Front
North
Both
South
Paying for the war…
-Income Taxes
-High tariffs
-Sold bonds
-Tax on farm
produce
-Steal Union
food and
supplies
Life on the Home Front
North
Both
Soldiers…
-Caused draft
riots in NY,
1863
-Conscription
(draft) to
provide
soldiers
South
Life on the Home Front
North
Both
South
Trade/Economy…
-Homestead Act
made western
lands available
for farmers
-Crops & land
destroyed by
fighting
Life on the Home Front
North
Both
South
Property/Other rights…
-Seize property
in support of
war effort
-Suspending
hapeas corpus
What is habeas corpus?:
Protects a person from being held in jail without being charged
with a specific crime…. So why do Lincoln/the South do this?
Economic boom &
growth of industries
Disunity & in danger of
collapse
Copperheads – Northern
Democrats who were against the war
Why would they receive this nickname?
Matthew Brady
Famous Civil War
photographer
“The Dead at
Antietam”
Life for Soldiers
• Poor Conditions in camps
• Poor sanitation, led to the
rapid spread of illness and
disease
• More men died in war from
disease than from battle
• Most frequent treatment of
disease and illness/injury:
Amputation
• Prison Camps: Horrible
Conditions
• Most Famous in Andersonville, GA
WOMEN IN THE WAR
Clara Barton
-Famous Civil War
nurse, cared for wounded
soldiers on the battlefields
-Best known for her later work
with the Red Cross
What are other women doing during the war?
• Vast majority of women took over family
businesses, farms, and plantations
• Jobs typically for men become held by more
women (teaching, for example)
• Nursing
Other Civil War “Fun” Facts:
General Ambrose Burnside. I
think we know what we can
thank this guy for… Sideburns!
• During the Battle of Antietam,
12,401 Union men were killed,
missing or wounded; double
the casualties of D-Day, 82
years later. With a total of
23,000 casualties on both
sides, it was the bloodiest
single day of the Civil War.
• More men died in the Civil War
than any other American
conflict, and two-thirds of the
dead perished from disease
Who had the best facial hair in the Civil War? You decide!
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Who-Had-the-Best-Civil-War-Facial-Hair.html
Civil War Review
Long-Term
Causes
Advantages
Outcomes
North
American
Civil War
(1861-1865)
Short-Term
Causes
Why did the North win?
Why did the South lose?
Advantages
South
Outcomes
Civil War Review
Long-Term Causes
American
Civil War
(1861-1865)
Short-Term Causes
Civil War Review
Advantages
Outcomes
North
American
Civil War
(1861-1865)
Why did the North win?
Why did the South lose?
Advantages
South
Outcomes