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6th Period Journal – Wednesday, 1/7/13 Sit in your original seats in these desks! 1. What were some causes of the Civil War? 2. What were major differences between the North and the South prior to the War? 3. What was the first state to secede from the Union, and what was the 1st battle in that state? The Civil War 1861-1865 The North (Union) vs. the South (Confederate States of America) Abraham Lincoln vs. Jefferson Davis Resources & Advantages North -Population -Industry (ammunition) -Resources -Labor pool -Railroad network -Navy -Established government -Abraham Lincoln South -Strong military tradition -Military leaders (Robert E. Lee) -Fighting for survival (Psychological) -Fighting on home soil -Defensive War -Washington, DC was on the outskirts of VA Strategies South Small armies; do just enough damage to break the North’s will to fight Gain recognition from England & France; trade with Europe instead of North North Military Political / Economical Anaconda Plan Prevent secession of the Border States (MO, KY, DE, MD) Anaconda Plan 1 – Blockade Southern Ports 2 – Take Mississippi River & Split Confederacy 3 – Take Richmond (capital of the Confederacy) Fort Sumter April, 1861 Charleston, SC Lincoln sends supplies to troops at fort South fires on and captures fort Winner – South Start of the Civil War First Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 Manassas, VA South Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard & Gen. Stonewall Jackson’s troops defeat North Gen. Irvin McDowell’s 30,000 troops Winner – South Citizens shocked at the carnage of war Lincoln fires McDowell Monitor v. Virginia March, 1862 Off VA coast North Monitor v. South Virginia (used to be Union Merrimack) Winner – None First battle of ironclad ships (modern naval warfare!) Battle of Shiloh April, 1862 Southwest Tennessee North Gen. Ulysses S. Grant captures forts in TN, wins two-day battle in Shiloh; 25,000 troop casualties Winner – North Death toll horrifying for North & South Grant’s reputation hurt Second Battle of Bull Run August, 1862 Manassas, VA South Gen. Lee & Jackson defeat larger Northern force Winner – South Southern confidence is high Lincoln re-hires McClellan Battle of Antietam Sept. 17, 1862 Sharpsburg, MD North Gen. McClellan defeats South Gen. Lee; 23,000 casualties; Lee retreats to VA Winner – North Bloodiest day in American history Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation What is the significance of the advent of photography at this time? p. 236-239 Emancipation Proclamation Who issued it?: With victory at Antietam, Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation Whom did it free?: All enslaved people in rebelling states beginning January 1, 1863 Who is this leaving out?: It did not apply to loyal border states or to places that were already under Union military control; Didn’t free ALL slaves! So, it received a mixed reaction (both positive and negative) After the Proclamation, the North begins active recruitment of African Americans 180,000 African American volunteers in the Union military by war’s end Most well-known African American regiment: – 54th Massachusetts Regiment What difficulties do you think they faced? Prejudice: Assigned menial tasks, longest guard, exposed battle positions, lower pay, killed if captured Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Pennsylvania General Lee & the South invade the North 3-day battle ends after unsuccessful Southern attack known as “Pickett’s Charge” 50,000 casualties Winner – North ***Turning Point*** South retreats to VA Lincoln issues Gettysburg Address Gettysburg Address - November 19, 1863 Sherman’s March to the Sea May – Dec 1864 Georgia (North) Gen. William T. Sherman marches from TN/GA border, through Atlanta, to GA coast, Destroyed cities, factories, RRs, homes along the way; “Total War” Winner – North Atlanta burned to the ground Southern economy destroyed Battle of Vicksburg July 1863 Mississippi Grant places Vicksburg under siege, cutting off supplies & bombarding the city until its surrender Winner – North ***Turning Point in the War*** North gains the Mississippi River, splits Confederacy in half Which plan does this satisfy? Sherman’s March to the Sea Battle of Ft. Fisher December 1864 Wilmington, NC Failed attempt by Union forces to capture the fort guarding Wilmington, the South's last major port on the Atlantic 1st day – Union tried to blow up a ship to destroy the Fort’s walls and failed; 2nd day – Union tried to come ashore and failed 320 casualties Winner – South The South keeps their port Battle of Bentonville March 1865 North Carolina Confederate army launched a tactical offensive on Union troops Only significant attempt to defeat the large Sherman during its march through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865 Winner – North Largest battle fought in NC Appomattox Court House April 1865 Virginia (South) Gen. Lee’s troops are trapped & surrounded by Northern troops Lee formally surrenders to Grant Winner – North The war is (unofficially) over Mclean House, Appomattox Court House, Va., where Lee surrendered to Grant Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865 Ford’s Theatre, D.C. John Wilkes Booth sneaks into Lincoln’s booth, shoots him in the head Loss of a great leader, but seen by many as a hero and a symbol of freedom http://www.history.com/topics/john-wilkesbooth/interactives/john-wilkes-booth-timeline-and-map Life on the Home Front North Both South Paying for the war… -Income Taxes -High tariffs -Sold bonds -Tax on farm produce -Steal Union food and supplies Life on the Home Front North Both Soldiers… -Caused draft riots in NY, 1863 -Conscription (draft) to provide soldiers South Life on the Home Front North Both South Trade/Economy… -Homestead Act made western lands available for farmers -Crops & land destroyed by fighting Life on the Home Front North Both South Property/Other rights… -Seize property in support of war effort -Suspending hapeas corpus What is habeas corpus?: Protects a person from being held in jail without being charged with a specific crime…. So why do Lincoln/the South do this? Economic boom & growth of industries Disunity & in danger of collapse Copperheads – Northern Democrats who were against the war Why would they receive this nickname? Matthew Brady Famous Civil War photographer “The Dead at Antietam” Life for Soldiers • Poor Conditions in camps • Poor sanitation, led to the rapid spread of illness and disease • More men died in war from disease than from battle • Most frequent treatment of disease and illness/injury: Amputation • Prison Camps: Horrible Conditions • Most Famous in Andersonville, GA WOMEN IN THE WAR Clara Barton -Famous Civil War nurse, cared for wounded soldiers on the battlefields -Best known for her later work with the Red Cross What are other women doing during the war? • Vast majority of women took over family businesses, farms, and plantations • Jobs typically for men become held by more women (teaching, for example) • Nursing Other Civil War “Fun” Facts: General Ambrose Burnside. I think we know what we can thank this guy for… Sideburns! • During the Battle of Antietam, 12,401 Union men were killed, missing or wounded; double the casualties of D-Day, 82 years later. With a total of 23,000 casualties on both sides, it was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War. • More men died in the Civil War than any other American conflict, and two-thirds of the dead perished from disease Who had the best facial hair in the Civil War? You decide! http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Who-Had-the-Best-Civil-War-Facial-Hair.html Civil War Review Long-Term Causes Advantages Outcomes North American Civil War (1861-1865) Short-Term Causes Why did the North win? Why did the South lose? Advantages South Outcomes Civil War Review Long-Term Causes American Civil War (1861-1865) Short-Term Causes Civil War Review Advantages Outcomes North American Civil War (1861-1865) Why did the North win? Why did the South lose? Advantages South Outcomes