Download The 1850s

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Steps to Civil War
Events leading to war
Economic Differences
in North & South
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Dred Scott
Lincoln Douglas
debates
Lincoln elected
president
From the
beginning the
North and
South evolved
into different
types of
societies and
economies. The
hope was that
they would be
able to work
together and
stay united.
The south
with its rich
fertile soil,
long growing
seasons, and
large, slow
moving
rivers
became
mostly
agrarian.
The north with
its thin, rocky
soil, short
growing
seasons, and
fast running
smaller rivers
evolved into a
manufacturing
region..
which also
turned to
the sea
with ship
building,
whaling,
and trade.
For this
industrial
economy
they relied
on a large
labor pool
fed by
immigration
from Europe.
In 1819 the Missouri
Territory was being
considered for admission
into the United States.
The problem arose when
it was suggested in
Congress that slavery be
restricted in Missouri as
a condition of admission.
At the time, there were an
equal number of slave
states and free states in the
Union. The admission of
Missouri, whether slave or
free, would upset the
balance of power that
existed between these rival
factions in the Senate.
Provisions of The Missouri
Compromise 1820



Missouri was to be a
slave state
Maine was to be a
free state
There was to be no
slavery in the
Louisiana territory
north of latitude 36
degrees 30 minutes
except in Missouri.
Henry Clay the Great
Compromiser
The issues which
thrust him into the
political limelight
were the Missouri
Compromise, the
banking issues,
opposition to
Andrew Jackson,
and promotion of
his American
System.
Most important
of these was the
negotiation of
the Missouri
Compromise
which was
fundamental in
maintaining
American unity,
providing a
workable
sectional policy
regarding
slavery
expansion, and a
western policy.
A senator from
South Carolina
who calls
slavery a
positive good,
is powerful,
has a strong
southern
following and
will be a major
leader in the
fights for
nullification
and secession.
John Calhoun
Daniel Webster
A Senator who is
considered one of
the greatest orators
of his time.
He made his last
speech to save the
Union.
He agreed to
compromise....and
agreed to the
fugitive slave law as
part of the
compromise of
1850.
Compromise of 1850

California is admitted as a free state.

New Mexico and Utah will become territories.


A fugitive slave law will be enforced and runaway slaves
who make it to free states must be returned to their
owners.
Slaves may no longer be bought and sold in Washington
D.C. but slavery will still be legal.
Kansas Nebraska Act
On January 4,
1854, Stephen A.
Douglas, wanting
to ensure a
northern
transcontinental
railroad route
that would
benefit his
Illinois
constituents,
introduced a
bill to
organize the
territory of
Nebraska in
order to
bring the
area under
civil control.
But southern
senators
objected; the
region lay
north of
latitude
36°30 and so
under the
terms of the
Missouri
Compromise
of 1820
would
become a
free state.
To gain the
southerners'
support,
Douglas
proposed
creating two
territories in
the area—
Kansas and
Nebraska—and
repealing the
Missouri
Compromise
line.
The question of
whether the
territories
would be slave
or free would
be left to the
settlers under
Douglas's
principle of
popular
sovereignty.
The Know Nothing’s
Ideal American
Anti slavery
meeting
announcement
Peace
ConventionFort Scott, KS
"...A stain
that shall
never bleach
out in the
sun! ..."
John
Greenleaf
Whittier
The Marais
Des Cygnes
Massacre
published
September
1858
Murder and Mayhem in Bleeding
Kansas
The years of 1854-1861
were a turbulent time in
Kansas territory.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
established the territorial
boundaries of Kansas and Nebraska
and opened the land to legal
settlement.
In Kansas,
people on
all sides of
this
controversia
l issue
flooded the
territory,
trying to
influence
the vote in
their favor.
Rival
territorial
governments,
election
fraud, and
squabbles
over land
claims all
contributed to
the violence
of this era.
John Brown in Kansas
John Brown
was a failed
farmer and
tanner from
New England
and a rabid
Abolitionist.
Brown would
end up
involved in a
bloody conflict
in Kansas
Territory
between those
who hated
slavery and
those who
favored it.
The Sumner-Brooks Affair
Abolitionist
senator Sumner
stood up in
Congress and
spoke for two
days.
He called the
Missourians
murderous
robbers and
hirelings
picked from
the drunken
spew and
vomit of an
uneasy
civilization.
Then he
insulted
South
Carolina’s
Senator
Andrew P.
Butler and
talked
about
South
Carolina’s
shameful
imbecility.
Two days later
Preston Brooks
who was a
cousin of Andrew
Butler walked
into the Senate
and up to
Sumner. He
began beating
him on the head
with a goldtopped cane.
Sumner’s
legs were
trapped
under the
bolted down
desk and he
couldn’t
move. He
was almost
killed.
He was absent 4
years because
of his injuries.
The Richmond
Virginia
Enquirer praised
Brooks’ action
and he received
new canes from
all over the
south.
The Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott was a
slave. His master
took him from the
slave state of
Missouri to the free
state of Illinois.
Scott lived as a
slave for four years
in a free state.
Then his
master took
him back to
Missouri.
Abolitionists
thought it
was a good
case to test
slavery.
Abolitioni
sts paid
for a
lawyer so
Scott
could sue
his
master
for
freedom.
The case went to
the Supreme
Court. On March
6, 1857 the
court decided
Scott had no
right to freedom
because he was
property, not a
person, and
could be moved
anywhere.
It also said it
was
unconstitutio
nal for
Congress to
limit slavery
anywhere.
Stephen Douglas: The Little
Giant
He was 5’ tall, born
in Vermont, then
moved to Illinois, he
was a rich political
leader, lawyer,
businessman, who
made a fortune in
land speculation and
railroads.
If the
transcontinental
RR went from
Chicago to San
Francisco his
Chicago property
would be more
valuable but
Indian territory
west of Missouri,
Iowa and
Minnesota stood
in the way.
“Honest Abe” the rail-splitter
Abraham Lincoln
an attorney from
Springfield,
Illinois, ran
against
Douglas for the
Senate seat in
that
state
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
1858
They held a
series of 7
debates where
the candidates
threw insults in
the heat and
cold and rain of
frontier
Illinois.
The issue
between them
was slavery.
Douglas
portrayed
Lincoln as a
fanatical
abolitionist, a
black Republican
who wanted to
put slaves on
equal footing
with whites.
Scene from
a LincolnDouglas
Debate in
the Illinois
Senate
campaign
of 1858
Freeport Doctrine
Lincoln asks
Douglas if
people can
keep slavery
out of their
territory if
they don’t
want it.
Douglas
says they
can by not
enacting
slave codes.
Douglas
wins
election to
the Senate,
but
alienates
the entire
south
John Brown’s raid on Harpers
Ferry
John Brown and
some of his sons
lead a raid on the
government
arsenal at
Harpers’ Ferry
They believe that
an “army of
slaves” will rise
up and join them
in a revolution
John Brown's Last Prophecy
Charlestown, Va, 2nd,
December, 1859
I John Brown am now
quite certain that the
crimes of this guilty,
land: will never be
purged away; but with
Blood. I had as I now
think: vainly flattered
myself that withought
very much bloodshed; it
might be done.
(John Brown's last
letter, written on day he
hanged. From "John
Brown: a Biography,"
After his capture, a
jury finds Brown guilty
of murder, treason,
and inciting a slave
insurrection after a
week of trial and fortyfive minutes of
deliberation. He was
sentenced to hang.
The election of 1860
The Candidates
1. Abraham Lincoln (Republican)
2. Stephen Douglas (Democrat – North)
3. John Breckenridge (Democrat – South)
4. John Bell (Constitutional Union
Stephen A.
Douglas
John Breckinridge
Breckinridge would
later serve as a
Confederate general
and Secretary of
War in the cabinet
of Jefferson Davis
John Bell
The competition for
votes was further
fragmented by the
newly-organized
Constitutional Union
Party that
supported
compromise to
maintain the Union
without advancing a
specific agenda.
Political Cartoons of 1860
Election results