Download chapter 19 - Summer School Courses

CHAPTER 19
Interpersonal
Interaction
LESSONS
19.1 Forming Impressions of Others
19.2 Forming and Changing Attitudes
19.3 Hurting and Helping Others
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 1
Social Psychology
Social psychology is the scientific
study of how people’s thoughts, feelings,
and behavior are influenced by others.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 2
Physical Appearance
 Impression formation is the process of
combining information about a personal into
an overall judgment.
 Physical attractiveness stereotype is the
belief that physically attractive individuals
have better personalities and lead happier
lives than less attractive people.
 What makes a person physically attractive?
 Contrast effects
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 3
Making Attributions
Attribution theory is a theory that
describes how you decide whether
another person’s behavior is caused by
the person’s disposition or the situation.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 4
Cultural Differences in Making
Attributions
Fundamental attribution error is the
tendency to make internal attributions
rather than external attributions when
trying to explain other people’s actions.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 5
Attitudes
Attitudes are positive or negative
evaluations of an object.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 6
Attitude Formation
Mere Exposure
Mere exposure effect is the tendency to
develop positive attitudes toward objects
and individuals to which you are repeatedly
exposed.
Conditioning
Reference Groups
A reference group is a group with which
you identify, using its standards to judge
yourself and the world.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 7
Implicit Attitudes
Implicit attitude is an attitude that is
activated automatically from memory,
without awareness that you possess it.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 8
Changing Attitudes
Persuasion is the process of trying to
change attitudes through communicating
a particular message.
Elaboration likelihood model is a
theory that people engage in either
effortful or effortless thinking after
receiving a persuasive message.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 9
Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive dissonance is a feeling of
discomfort caused by performing an
action inconsistent with your attitude.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 10
Aggression
Instrumental aggression is the
intentional use or harmful behavior to
achieve some other goal.
Hostile aggression is the intentional
use of harmful behavior where the goal
is to cause injury or death.
Gender and styles of aggression
Ways to reduce aggression by others
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 11
Helping Others
 Gender and styles of helping
 Bystander intervention model is a theory
that whether bystanders intervene in an
emergency is a result of a five-step decisionmaking process.
 Audience inhibition effect is the tendency
for people to define a situation as a
nonemergency when other bystanders are
present.
 Diffusion of responsibility is the belief that
the presence of other people in an emergency
makes you less responsible to help the victim.
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 12
Figure 19-2
The Bystander Intervention Model
Step 1
Do you notice something
unusual happening?
No
No intervention
Yes
Go to
Step 2
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 13
Figure 19-2
The Bystander Intervention Model
Step 2
Do you decide something is
wrong and help is needed?
No
No intervention
Yes
Go to
Step 3
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 14
Figure 19-2
The Bystander Intervention Model
Step 3
Do you think you have
responsibility to help?
No
No intervention
Yes
Go to
Step 4
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 15
Figure 19-2
The Bystander Intervention Model
Step 4
Do you know the appropriate
way to help?
No
No intervention
Yes
Go to
Step 5
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 16
Figure 19-2
The Bystander Intervention Model
Step 5
Do you decide to implement
your form of help?
No
No intervention
Yes
Intervene in emergency
PSYCHOLOGY
A Discovery Experience
© South-Western | Cengage Learning
Chapter 19 Slide 17