Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download ORGANIC MOLECULES OF THE CELL
Transcript
Concept 5.2: Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material Counting “Carbs” (aka Sugars) • Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio: 1C : 2H : 1O • Basic molecular formula: CH2O. • Usually found as carbon skeletons that have a ring shape. Which of the following is NOT a valid formula for a carbohydrate? A. B. C. D. C4H10O4 C5H10O5 C6H12O6 C7H14O7 Basic molecular formula: CH2O “carbo” (carbon) “hydrate” (water) Carbohydrates Come in Many Forms • Monomer = Monosaccharides Example: Glucose (C6H12O6) • Dimer = Disaccharides Example: Sucrose (C12H22O11) • Polymer = Polysaccharides Example: Starch What is the name of this carbohydrate? A. B. C. D. starch glucose sucrose fructose Note the six carbon atoms in a ring-shaped arrangement. Glucose: C6H12O6 Lactose is a monosaccharide. A. True B. False Lactose People who are “lactose intolerant” are unable to metabolize lactose. MILK Lactose is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides: glucose & galactose. Glucose is hydrophilic. A. True B. False This is due to its many hydroxyl groups. Recall that the hydroxyl functional group attracts water. Therefore, monosaccharides and disaccharides dissolve readily in water, forming sugary solutions. Starch and cellulose do not dissolve readily, but they do attract water. Functions of Carbohydrates 1) Short Term Energy – Monosaccharides (plants & animals) • Example: fructose 2) Long Term Energy – Polysaccharides • Starch (plants) • Glycogen (animals) potatoes turkey 3) Structure – Polysaccharides • Cellulose (plant cell walls) • Chitin (animal exoskeletons) cellulose chitin Examples of Polysaccharides Which of the following carbohydrates would you NOT expect to find in a plant? A. B. C. D. chitin starch glucose cellulose Chitin is found in the exoskeletons of arthropods like this spider, not in plants.
