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KINGDOM PLANTAE WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS? ALL PLANTS: ARE MULTI-CELLULAR Made of more than one cell. ARE MACROSCOPIC Can be seen with the naked eye. PLANT CELLS WHAT TYPE OF CELLS ARE PLANT CELLS? EUKARYOTIC Nucleus PLANT CELLS Cell Wall The cell wall is made primarily of CELLULOSE, a complex carbohydrate. • Keeps the cell from rupturing • Prevents water loss • Shape and protection PLANT CELLS Vacuole Vacuoles are membrane-bound spaces used for temporary storage of materials. PLANT CELLS Chloroplast The chloroplasts are cell organelles that capture light energy and produce food (glucose) to store. They contain the photosynthetic pigment, CHLOROPHYLL. This primary photoreceptor absorbs the light energy. CHLOROS- “green”, PHYLLON- “leaf” Chloroplast Granum in Latin literally means “stack of coins”. Thylakoid: derived from Greek word thylakos, meaning “sac”. ALL PLANTS: are (also called producers) because they can produce their own food. 6CO2 + 6H2O→C6H12O6 + 6O2 There are a few plants that are also heterotrophs: They attract, capture, and kill organisms (mostly insects) and absorb the nutrients from their prey. Yellow Venus flytrap Trumpet English Sundew WHY ARE PLANTS IMPORTANT TO HETEROTROPHS? oxygen Many medicines are made from plant materials. Without plants, we wouldn’t have chocolate, tea, or coffee plant reproduction All plants reproduce sexually. Some can also reproduce asexually. ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS During their lives, all plants alternate between: a haploid (half the chromosomes) gametophyte (produces gametes) stage and a diploid (complete set of chromosomes) sporophyte (produces spores) stage PLANTS ARE DIVERSE Some plants are terrestrial Some plants are aquatic PLANTS ARE DIVERSE Plants vary in size Rafflesia Duckweed CanAmorphophallus be around 1 mmtitanum Redwood trees Can get up to 350 ft tall PLANTS ARE DIVERSE LIFESPAN Brassica rapa: 40 days Bristlecone Pine: 5000 years Plants are believed to have evolved from green algae. Green algae and plants both have: cell walls made of cellulose contain chlorophyll store food in the form of starch KINGDOM PLANTAE Contains: 12 Phyla or Divisions There are 300,000 species of plants! 1.Plants are… a.Unicellular prokaryotic heterotrophs b.Multicellular prokaryotic heterotrophs c.Unicellular eukaryotic photoautotrophs d.Multicellular eukaryotic photoautotrophs 2.Most plants fill the ____________________ trophic level in the food web. a. Decomposer b. Producer c. Primary consumer d. Secondary consumer 3.The cell walls of plant cells contain a.Peptidoglycan b.Glucose c.Wax d.Cellulose 4.Which of the following is an indirect way in which humans depend upon plants? a. We use plants for food b. We depend upon plants for shelter and building materials c. We eat herbivores d. We use plants for medicinal reasons because of their curative value 5. The food which plants manufacture with the help of the sun’s energy is… a. Simple glucose b. Protein c. Peptidoglycan d. cellulose 9.Why are plants eukaryotes? a. Because their cells are complex and contain membrane-bound organelles b. Because their cells are simple and do not contain a true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles c. Because they contain chlorophyll which helps them use the sun’s energy to make food. d. Because they are multicellular