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Cells
SOL Review
Cell Basics
• There are two types of cells:
– Prokaryotic: Cells that lack a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
• Example: Bacterial cell
– Eukaryotic: Cells that have a nucleus and have
membrane-bound organelles.
• Example: Plant and Animal cells
Prokaryotic Cells
• Are smaller and much more simple than eukaryotic cells
• DNA is a circular plasmid, not surrounded by a nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cells
• All eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, as well
as other membrane-bound organelles
• Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals all have
eukaryotic cells.
Plant Cell vs Animal Cell
Plant Cell
-Contain chloroplasts, and cell walls,
unlike animal cells
Animal Cell
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles
• Organelles each have a specific function
that enables the cell to survive
• They work together, much like organs in the
body
The Nucleus
• Found: Plant and Animal Cells
• Function: Contains the DNA (genetic
material) and directs the activities of the cell
• Comparison: Acts like a brain for the cell
Ribosome
• Found: Plant, Animal, and Bacterial cells
• Function: Protein factory - makes proteins
for the cell
• Comparison: Acts like a factory in a town,
making necessary materials
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Found: Plant and Animal Cells
• Function: Acts as a transport system or
roadway that allows particles to move
throughout the cell
• Comparison: Acts like an interstate
Golgi Body/Complex
• Found: Plant and Animal Cells
• Function: Packages proteins and materials
for transport out of the cell
• Comparison: Acts like UPS, putting
packages in vesicles for transport
Mitochondria
• Found: Plant and Animal Cells
• Function: Makes energy (ATP) for the cell
• Comparison: Like the power plant for the
cell
Chloroplasts
• Found: Plant Cells
• Function: Makes food, or sugar (glucose),
for the cell
• Comparison: Chef of the cell
Vacuole
• Found: Plant and Animal Cells
• Function: Stores food, water, and other materials
for the cell
– Note: Vacuoles are especially large in plants for storing
water…full vacuoles ensure your salad is crispy
• Comparison: Storage sheds
Lysosomes
• Found: Animal Cells
• Function: Break down old materials for
reuse
• Comparison: Recycling Factory
Cell Membrane
• Found: ALL Cells
• Function: Controls what comes in and out
of the cell
• Comparison: City Gate
Cell Wall
• Found: Plant cells and Bacterial Cells
• Function: Protects the cell and gives it
support
• Comparison: City Wall
Cytoplasm
• Found: ALL Cells
• Function: Where the chemical reactions of
the cell occur
– Also where the other organelles float