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Cells Photosynthesis Respiration Cell Division – Mitosis & Meiosis Molecular Genetics Evolution & Classification Cells PhotoRespiration synthesis Cell Division Molecular Genetics Evolution & Classification $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Double Jeopardy! Cells What is a type of hydrocarbon with double bonds that result in kinks in the tail? $100 Cells What is unsaturated? Back $100 Cells What are the channels found in plants that perforate the cell wall? $200 Cells What is plasmodestmate? Back $200 Cells The process that amoebas and many protists use by engulfing their food particles in order to eat. $300 Cells What is phagocytosis? Back $300 Cells What are found belted around epithelial cells in organisms that prevent leakage into or out of these organs? $400 Cells What are tight junctions? Back $400 Cells A structure within the cell that contains catalase in order to convert hydrogen peroxide into water by releasing oxygen atoms. $500 Cells What are peroxisomes? Back $500 Photosynthesis The process by which ATP is formed during the light reaction of photosynthesis. $100 Photosynthesis What is chemiosmosis? Back $100 Photosynthesis What type of plants carry out a different form of photosynthesis by keeping their stomates closed during the day, but open at night? $200 Photosynthesis What are CAM (crussalucean acid metabolism) plants? Back $200 Photosynthesis Where is ATP formed as protons diffuse down the gradient from the thylakoid space into the stroma, resulting in the energy used to power the Calvin cycle? $300 Photosynthesis What are ATP synthase channels? Back $300 Photosynthesis The type of membranes within the grana that are part of the structure of chloroplasts. $400 Photosynthesis What are thylakoids? Back $400 Photosynthesis An instrument used to measure the ability of pigment to absorb various wavelengths of light. $500 Photosynthesis What is a spectrophotometer? Back $500 Respiration Where does the Citric Acid cycle take place? $100 Respiration What is the Mitochondrial Matrix? Back $100 Respiration The process that occurs during chemiosmosis and is the way 90% of all ATP is produced during cell respiration. $200 Respiration What is oxidative phosphorylation? Back $200 Respiration What type of enzyme is PFK (phosphofructokinase) which inhibits glycolysis when the cell has enough ATP? $300 Respiration What is an allosteric enzyme? Back $300 Respiration With each turn of the Citric Acid cycle, what waste product is created? $400 Respiration What is CO2? Back $400 Respiration The maximum number of molecules of ATP each NAD molecule can produce within the electron transport chain. $500 Respiration What is 3? Back $500 Cell Division Longest phase of Meiosis I. $100 Cell Division What is prophase I? Back $100 Cell Division Which period of interphase is a period of intense growth and biochemical activity? $200 Cell Division What is G1 phase? Back $200 Cell Division Phase of mitosis when chromosomes cluster at opposite ends of the cell and the nuclear membrane begins to reform. $300 Cell Division What is telophase? Back $300 Cell Division The result of cytokinesis that forms in animal cells as actin and myosin microfilaments pinch in the cytoplasm. $400 Cell Division What is cleavage furrow? Back $400 Cell Division Phase of meiosis when each chromosome pairs up precisely with its homologue to ensure each daughter cell will receive one homologue from each parent. $500 Cell Division What is synapsis? Back $500 Molecular Genetics Which enzyme joins RNA nucleotides to make the RNA primer in DNA replication? $100 Molecular Genetics What is primase? Back $100 Molecular Genetics Three stages of transcription. $200 Molecular Genetics What is initiation, elongation, and termination? Back $200 Molecular Genetics Insertion and deletion both result in what type of mutation in the DNA sequence? $300 Molecular Genetics What are frameshift mutations? Back $300 Molecular Genetics The name of the nucleotide sequences located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes to protest the lost of genes. (usually get shorter each time DNA replicates) $400 Molecular Genetics What are telomeres? Back $400 Molecular Genetics Series of segments that make up the lagging strand that will eventually be made into a continuous strand by DNA ligase. $500 Molecular Genetics What are Okazaki fragments? Back $500 Evolution & Classification Type of evolution that describes the process by which two unrelated species that live in the same environment show similar adaptations. $100 Evolution & Classification What is convergent evolution? Back $100 Evolution & Classification Type of genetic drift that occurs when a small population breaks from a large one and colonizes a new area, and may not accurately represent the alleles present in the original population. $200 Evolution & Classification What is the Founder Effect? Back $200 Evolution & Classification Domain of classification that contains organisms with the feature of having only ONE type of RNA polymerase? $300 Evolution & Classification What is Domain Bacteria? Back $300 Evolution & Classification Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation(s): If the allelic frequency of a dominant trait in a population is 0.6, find the percent of the population that is heterozygous. $400 Evolution & Classification What is 48%? p+q=1 p^2+2pq+q^2=1 p=0.6 2pq (represents hybrids) q=0.4 = 2(0.6)(0.4)=0.48 = 48% Back $400 Evolution & Classification Members of the Domain Bacteria have thick, rigid cell walls that contain this unique substance. $500 Evolution & Classification What is peptidoglycan? Back $500 Double Jeopardy!!! Plant Systems Animal Systems Ecology Labs Biotechnology Things we didn’t cover Plant Systems Animal Systems Ecology Labs Biotechnology Things We Didn’t Cover $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 Final Jeopardy! Plant Systems Plants with no transport vessels and absorb water by diffusion from the air. $200 Plant Systems What are bryophytes? Back $200 Plant Systems In the sexual life cycle of plants (alternation of generations), which structure produces eggs and which structure produces sperm? $400 Plant Systems egg: What is archegonium? Sperm: What is antheridium? Back $400 Plant Systems Symbiotic structure that assists in supplying plants water and nutrients and consists of the plant’s roots with filaments of fungus to increase the amount of nutrients absorbed. $600 Plant Systems What is mycorrhizae? Back $600 Plant Systems Phototropism results from the unequal distribution of what? $800 Topic 7 What are auxins? Back $800 Plant Systems Plant cells with very thick primary and secondary cell walls with the purpose of supporting the plant. (two forms: fibers and sclereids) $1000 Plant Systems What are sclerenchymal cells? Back $1000 Animal Systems Least toxic type of nitrogenous waste. $200 Animal Systems What is uric acid? Back $200 Animal Systems Component of the blood that carries hemoglobin and oxygen. Formed in blood marrow. $400 Animal Systems What are red blood cells? Back $400 Animal Systems Type of filaments that consist of two strands of actin proteins wound around another; and their location within the muscle cell. (2 answers) $600 Animal Systems What are thin filaments? What is cytoplasm? Back $600 Animal Systems Structure located on the back of the throat that directs food into the esophagus instead of the wind pipe. $800 Animal Systems What is the epiglottis? Back $800 Animal Systems Structure that is a modified plasma membrane that surrounds each muscle fiber. $1000 Animal Systems What is a sarcolemma? Back $1000 Ecology Type of Survivorship curve that shows a very high death rate among young members of a population, but a declined death rate for those who survive to live at an older age. $200 Ecology What is a Type 3 survivorship curve? Back $200 Ecology Defense mechanism when a harmless animal mimics the coloration of a poisonous one. $400 Ecology What is Batesian mimicry? Back $400 Ecology When two species that inhabit the same niche are competing for resources, and one species evolves through natural selection to exploit different resources. $600 Ecology What is resource partitioning? Back $600 Ecology Two toxins that, if they enter the food chain, will accumulate due to biological magnification to cause birth defects. $800 Ecology What are carcinogens and teratogens? Back $800 Ecology What do Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert free nitrogen into? (contribution to the nitrogen cycle) $1000 Ecology What are ammonium ions (NH4+)? Back $1000 Labs The process we tested during the lab when a bag of sugar/starch solution was immersed into a dilute iodine solution. $200 Labs What is diffusion/osmosis/or water potential? Back $200 Labs In the Respiration Lab, what instrument did we set up to compare the rate of respiration of the peas? $400 Labs What is a respirator? Back $400 Labs In the circulatory physiology lab, when measuring blood pressure, this is the pressure in the artery when the ventricles are relaxed. $600 Labs What is diastolic pressure? Back $600 Labs An important component of experimental design, is the group to which the factor being tested is not applied to serve as a comparison. $800 Labs What is a control group? Back $800 Labs In the photosynthesis lab, what did we use as an electron acceptor? $1000 Labs What is DPIP? (a blue compound) Back $1000 Biotechnology Examples of the formation of this includes: viral transduction, bacterial transformation, conjugation, and the jumping of transposons around the genome. $200 Biotechnology What is recombinant DNA? Back $200 Biotechnology Differences in restriction fragment patterns in each person that results in a human’s individual DNA fingerprint. $400 Biotechnology What are RFLPs? (Restriction fragment length polymorphisms) Back $400 Biotechnology In the polymerase chain reaction, what should the piece of DNA to be amplified be placed in a test tube with in order to perform DNA synthesis? (3 part answer) $600 Biotechnology What is Taq polymerase (heat-stable form of DNA polymerase)? What are nucleotides? And what are primers? Back $600 Biotechnology A radioactively labeled single strand of a nucleic acid molecule that is used for a specific sequence in a DNA sample. Can be used to identify a person who carries an inherited genetic defect. $800 Biotechnology What is a DNA probe? Back $800 Biotechnology Type of DNA produced by retroviruses as the enzyme reverse transcriptase makes DNA transcripts of RNA; which creates a DNA molecule with the coding sequence of interest without the introns. $1000 Biotechnology What is cDNA? (complementary DNA) Back $1000 Things we didn’t cover Common skin disorder; typically characterized by inflamed skin patches covered with white scales. $200 Things we didn’t cover What is psorlasis? Back $200 Things we didn’t cover Another name for a proenzyme. An enzyme in it’s inactive form. $400 Things we didn’t cover What is a zymogen? Back $400 Things we didn’t cover A random motion of molecules that occurs at the synaptic cleft in a chemical synapse. $600 Things we didn’t cover What is Brownian motion? Back $600 Things we didn’t cover Term for the microvilli of the small intestines with many digestive enzymes. $800 Things we didn’t cover What is a brush border? Back $800 Things we didn’t cover Term for the clumping of particles. $1000 Things we didn’t cover What is agglutinate? Back $1000 Final Jeopardy!!! Final Jeopardy!!! The temporary structure that is derived from the follicle and releases estradiol and progesterone throughout pregnancy. Final Jeopardy!!! What is the corpus luteum?