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Cells Photosynthesis Respiration Cell Division Molecular Genetics Evolution and Classification Cells Photo Respiration Synthesis Cell Division Molecular Evolution Genetics Classif. $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Double Jeopardy! Cells What are the four types of macromolecules? $100 Cells Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids Back $100 Cells How does a Eukaryotic Cell differ from a prokaryotic cell? $200 Topic 1 Eukaryotic have a nucleus, membrane bound organelles, are larger, and found in plants and animals Back $200 Cells What are the three types of intercellular junctions in animals and how do they function? $300 Cells Tight Junctions- Membranes of close cells bound by specific proteins Desmosomes- Function like rivots, fastening cells together into strong sheets Gap Junctions- cytoplasmic channels between cells Back $300 Cells Within the nucleus DNA is divided into xxxx that carry genetic info. These structures are made of another material called yyyy, A complex system of proteins and DNA. $400 Cells What are chromosomes and chromatin? Back $400 Cells How does ATP function in active transport? $500 Cells ATP transfers its terminal phosphate group directly to the transport protein. This may induce the protein to change its conformation in a manner that translocates a solute bound to the protein across the membrane (i.e. sodium potassium pump) Back $500 Photosynthesis What are the products and reactants in photosynthesis? $100 Co2+water+light energy yields Glucose+Oxygen+ Water Back $100 Photosynthesis Chloroplasts are mostly found these types of cells located in the interior of the leaf. $200 Photosynthesis What are mesophyll cells? Back $200 Photosynthesis Where do C4 plants live and what advantages do they have there? $300 Photosynthesis They thrive in hot regions with intense sunlight. The stomota will close during the day to prevent photorespiration and carbon fixation occurs during the night. Back $300 Photosynthesis What is the function of cyclic electron flow? $400 Photosynthesis Noncyclic electron flow produces ATP and NADPH in roughly equal numbers, but the Calvin Cycle consumes more ATP than NADPH. Cyclic electron flow makes up the difference since it produces ATP but no NADPH. Back $400 Photosynthesis How does noncyclic electron flow function? $500 Photosynthesis Noncyclic electron flow begins in photosystem II: -photosystem II is excited by light absorption -e- derived from splitting water -the e- is donated to electron transport (H+ pumping & ATP synthesis) -the e- is passed on to photosystem I -photosystem I is excited by light absorption -the e- is used to reduce NADP (this e- path produces ATP and NADPH for sugar synthesis) Back $500 Respiration What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? $100 Respiration Oxygen Back $100 Respiration In aerobic respiration, the energy in 1 mole of glucose is capable of producing how many ATP molecules: $200 Respiration 23 10 ) 38 x (6.02 x molecules of ATP Back $200 Respiration How is ATP formed in substrate level phosphorolation? $300 Respiration ATP is produced from the transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP Back $300 Respiration What are the products of the Krebs Cycle? $400 Respiration Co2, Nadh, Fadh2 Back $400 Respiration How are fats catabolized? $500 Respiration Through Beta Oxidation- the hydrolysis of fatty acids into two carbon molecules or glycerol Back $500 Cell Division What stage of meiosis does crossing over occur in? $100 Cell Division Prophase 1 Back $100 Cell Division What is the end product of meiosis? $200 Cell Division Four unique daughter cells that are genetically different Back $200 Cell Division How is independent assortment different from the law of segregation? $300 Cell Division Independent assortment is the randomness with which tetrads and homologues line up during metaphase I and II and then are pulled apart during anaphase I and II; Segregation just refers to the fact that chromosomes are separated into gametes—it does not account for the random arrangement of chromosomes prior to their separation. Back $300 Cell Division What is significant about inheritance of genes on the same chromosome? $400 Cell Division Genes inherited on the same chromosome are part of a linkage group or are said to be linked. Linkage groups can be mapped based on how often genes are separated by crossing over. It makes sense that genes that are further apart on a chromosome would be more likely to be broken apart by crossing over Back $400 Cell Division In humans, tongue rolling is a dominant trait, those with the recessive condition cannot roll their tongues. Bob can roll his tongue, but his mother could not. He is married to Sally, who cannot roll her tongue. What is the probability that their first born child will not be able to roll his tongue $500 Cell Division Bob’s genotype must be Tt because his mother was tt. His wife is also a tt, so there is a 50% chance the first child will be a tongue roller. Back $500 Molecular Genetics What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology? $100 Molecular Genetics The flow of information from DNA to RNA (transcription) to Protein (translation) Back $100 Molecular Genetics There are about 3 billion chemical base pairs in human DNA. Approximately what percent of these base pairs actually code for genes? $200 Molecular Genetics 1-2% Back $200 Molecular Genetics If the arrangement of bases on DNA is CATTAG, then a corresponding strand of mRNA will be… $300 Molecular Genetics GUAAUC Back $300 Molecular Genetics Substances that cause cells to increase production of an enzyme (or group of enzymes) are know as $400 Molecular Genetics Inducers Back $400 Molecular Genetics What charge does DNA have and why? $500 Molecular Genetics Negative, because of the phosphate group attached to it Back $500 Evolution and Classification Explain the difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium $100 Evolution and Classification Gradualism- Slow change over time Punctuated Equilibrium- Rapid change then no change Back $100 Evolution and Classification Name the four types of pre-zygotic barriers $200 Evolution and Classification Temperal, Behavioral, Mechanical, Gametic Isolation Back $200 Evolution and Classification Name the order for biological classification $300 Evolution and Classification Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Back $300 Evolution and Classification What was Lamarck’s theory of evolution? $400 Evolution and Classification Inheritance of acquired characteristics. Evolution occurred during an organism’s lifetime. Use and disuse in traits Back $400 Evolution and Classification What evidence supports the theory of evolution? $500 Evolution and Classification Homologous structures, comparative embryology, molecular biology (DNA), Biogeography, Fossils Back $500 Double Jeopardy!!! Plant Systems Animal Systems Ecology Labs Biotechnology Things we didn’t cover Plant Systems Animal Systems Ecology Labs Biotech Things we Didn’t cover $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 Final Jeopardy! Plant Systems Name the adaptations plants have evolved to survive on land $200 Plant Systems Jacketed Gametangia, apical meristems, sporopollenin, stomata, roots, waxy cuticle, lignin Back $200 Plant Systems The xxxx is responsible for transporting water and minerals up from the ground and the yyyy transports sugar and other organic products from leaves downward $400 Plant Systems Xylem, Phloem Back $400 Plant Systems Differentiate between Dermal Tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissue $600 Plant Systems Dermal- outer protective covering Vascular- Long distance transport, found in roots and shoots Ground- tissue between vascular and ground tissues Back $600 Plant Systems This plant displays…. $800 Plant Systems Thigmotropism Back $800 Plant Systems Describe a “perfect flower” $1000 Plant Systems It contains both male/female reproductive parts, stamen and carpel Back $1000 Animal Systems What is the nitrogenous waste product created in humans? $200 Animal Systems Urea- helps conserve water, doesn’t need to be diluted. Back $200 Animal Systems filtration occurs as blood pressure forces fluid from the blood in the glomerulus into _______ ________ $400 Animal Systems Bowman’s Capsule Back $400 Animal Systems When blood calcium levels are too high, the body will release _____ to the bones and signal the kidneys to reduce calcium intake $600 Animal Systems Calcitonin Back $600 Animal Systems What is the fast and slow block to polyspermy? $800 Animal Systems Acrosomal Reaction depolarization, and the cortical reaction Back $800 Animal Systems When a cell is repolarizing, active transport pumps xx out and yy back into the cell. $1000 Animal Systems Sodium out, potassium in Back $1000 Ecology Explain the difference in an r selected species and a k selected species. $200 Ecology R Unstable environment, density independent small size of organism energy used to make each individual is low many offspring are produced early maturity short life expectancy each individual reproduces only once type III survivorship pattern in which most of the individuals die within a short time but a few live much longer Back K Stable environment, density dependent interactions large size of organism energy used to make each individual is high few offspring are produced late maturity, often after a prolonged period of parental care long life expectancy individuals can reproduce more than once in their lifetime type I or II survivorship pattern in which most individuals live to near the maximum life span $200 Ecology Ignoring migration, the age structure of a human population likely to increase in size will have what shape? $400 Ecology Pyramid Back $400 Ecology According to island biogeography, what is the relationship between an island's distance from the mainland and the number of species present on the island? $600 Ecology The further an island is from the mainland, the fewer the number of species found on the island Back $600 Ecology 10,000 kcal of producer could support approximately _____ kcal of tertiary consumer. $800 Ecology 10 Back $800 Ecology DDT is _____-soluble so it accumulates in _____. $1000 Ecology Fat….milk Back $1000 Labs the measurement of color in a solution by determining the amount of light absorbed in the ultraviolet, infrared, or visible spectrum, widely used in clinical chemistry to calculate the concentration of . substances in solution $200 Labs Spectrophotometer Back $200 Labs What changes occur in the circulatory system when a person stands up from a prone position? How do these changes affect the heart rate and blood pressure of the individual? $400 Labs The circulatory system is not working very hard when a person is at rest so when that person stands up suddenly the blood pressure and heart rate of that person increase. Back $400 Labs xxxxxx is the major mechanism that drives the movement of water through a plant. $600 Labs Transpiration Back $600 Labs Genetic xxxxxxx occurs when a host organism takes in foreign DNA and expresses the foreign gene. $800 Labs Transformation Back $800 Labs What is the purpose of heat shock therapy in genetic transformation? $1000 Labs The heat shock does open the pores (made by the preparation of competent cells) and gets the plasmid to enter the cell. Placing the cells on ice after the shock closes the pores and prevent the plasmid to escape. Back $1000 Biotechnology cDNA is complimentary to….. $200 mRNA Back $200 Biotechnology These enzymes can cut DNA molecules at a limited number of specific locations $400 Biotechnology Restriction Enzymes Back $400 Biotechnology Differences in the restriction sites on homologous chromosomes that result in different restriction fragment patterns are called…. $600 Biotechnology Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) Back $600 Biotechnology What is the difference between a Genomic Library and a cDNA library? $800 Biotechnology Genomic Library- the complete set of plasmid clones, each carrying copies of a particular segment from the initial genome cDNA library- represents only part of a genome– only the subset of genes that were transcribed into mRNA in the original cells Back $800 Biotechnology This enzyme permanently joins each base paired plas mid and human DNA fragment by catalyzing the formation of covalent bonds that close up the sugar phosphate backbones. $1000 Biotechnology DNA Ligase Back $1000 Things we didn’t cover A mole represents how many exact objects $200 Things we didn’t cover 6.02*10^23 Back $200 Things we didn’t cover Some aquatic invertebrates living in temporary ponds can lose almost all their body water and survive in a dormant state. This adaptation is called… $400 Things we didn’t cover Anhydrobiosis Back $400 Things we didn’t cover The point at which two opposite reactions off set one another exactly is called $600 Things we didn’t cover Chemical equilibrium Back $600 Things we didn’t cover The part of the brain that controls involuntary actions is known as the $800 Things we didn’t cover Cerebellum Back $800 Things we didn’t cover The largest number of known species is represented by the phylum…. $1000 Things we didn’t cover Arthropoda Back $1000 Final Jeopardy!!! Final Jeopardy!!! How is oxygen carried throughout the body? Final Jeopardy!!! By hemoglobin in red blood cells