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Active Transport vs. Passive Transport Passive Transport Goes with the flow … with the gradient…. HIGH to LOW NO Energy needed • Concentration: amount of a particular substance in a given volume • concentration gradient when one area has a higher concentration than another area does, a exists. NO!!!! It’s too crowded… get out! • Equilibrium is a state in which a system remains unchanged over time. A space is filled evenly, equilibrium is reached. A High to low until equilibrium reached B • Passive transport movement across a membrane without the use of energy (ATP). 1)Diffusion Modes of Passive Transport 3) Osmosis 2) Facilitated Diffusion Cacaused by: temp, pressure, concentration Only sm particles squeeze through the diffusion of water … through channel proteins Types of Osmotic Solutions • Isotonic • Hypotonic • Hypertonic Isotonic Same size Plant Cell Blood Cell 11,397x Hypotonic Swell… burst Plant Cell Blood Cell 13,000x Hypertonic shrivels Plant Cell Blood Cell 13,000x • Some unicellular eukaryotes have contractile vacuoles, which collect excess water inside the cell and force the water out of the cell. • Animal cells have neither cell walls nor contractile vacuoles. • Many animal cells can avoid swelling caused by osmosis by actively removing solutes from the cytoplasm. Active Transport Against the gradient…. LOW to HIGH Requires Energy … ATP 3 sodium ions go OUT 2 Potassium ions go IN Is an impt carrier proteins in animal cells • prevents Na+ from building up in the cell, • thus preventing osmosis into the cell. (Na+/K+ ATPase Pump) 2) vessicles 1)sodium-potassium pump Modes of Active Transport Too big to use carrier proteins … use these sacs … Endocytosis takes stuff IN Exocytosis takes stuff OUT Sodium Potassium pump Endocytosis/Exocytosis Exocytosis … same thing…just EXITS . .er uh… takes it to outside of cell