Download Plants

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Start a Warm UP Page for our new unit
PLANTS
Title AND put today’s date on your paper
1. Write down 3 facts you KNOW about plants
2. Write down 1 thing you WANT TO KNOW
about plants
3. Finish up Vocabulary and sentences
4. Make up tests!!!
Plants belong to the Plantae Kingdom.
 There are two large categories of
plants:
1. Vascular plants or tracheophytes –
◦ flowers, trees and grasses.
2. Non-vascular plants or Bryophytes,
◦ moss
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Tracheophytes - have tissues
called xylem and phloem
 Xylem - tissues that transport water
 Phloem – tissues that transport food
Xylem and the phloem are
called vascular tissue.
 Vascular plants have roots, stems and
leaves.
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Bryophytes have no roots, leaves or stems.
Moss and liverworts belong to this group.
They are flowerless plants that grow in
clumps.
They don't have roots. Instead they have thin
root like growths called rhizoids that help
anchor the plant.
Because they don't have roots and stems to
transport water, mosses and liverworts dry
out very quickly.
They are usually found in moist habitats.
The only place they don't grow is in salt
water.
How Do Plants Obtain and Store Energy from
the Environment?
•Plants
are:
complex multicellular organisms that
cannot move their bodies to change
location.
•Multicellular - made of more than
one cell.
•Plants have a rigid cell wall
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Ever notice how tough tree bark is? Or how
tough a fresh leaf is even when you step on
it? That’s because trees are made of plant
cells.
A plant cell is surrounded by a rigid cell wall.
It protects the parts of the cell.
The cell wall also gives the plant cell a fixed
shape.
Inside the cell wall is a cell membrane, just
like in animal cells.
But animal cells do not have cell walls. Most
animal tissue is not as tough as plant tissue.
Vascular plants have some adaptations that
help them survive.
 They are covered with a waxy layer
or cuticle that holds in water
 They have stomata or pores that help them
take in and let out gasses like carbon dioxide
and oxygen.
 Their roots take up water and nutrients from
the soil and anchor them to the soil.
 Stems move water and nutrients to the plant's
leaves
 Leaves capture the sunlight the plant needs
for photosynthesis.
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Leaves are also where transpiration occurs
Transpiration
the process in plants by which water is taken up
by the roots and released as water vapor through
stomata in the leaves
Stomata look like tiny mouths on the surface of a
leaf. They are so small that they can only be seen
with a microscope.
Stomata open and close to let carbon dioxide
enter the leaf. The leaf uses light energy to
combine the gas from the air and water from the
ground to make food. During this process,
oxygen is made by the plant. Stomata open again
to release the oxygen.
Thanks to the stomata, we have fresh air to
breathe!
All living things need to take in energy.
 Plants obtain energy through
photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis - process of using light
energy from the sun, carbon dioxide from
the atmosphere, and water to produce
glucose.
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Plants get their energy directly from
the sun.
Plants absorb soil nutrients they
need through their roots
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Animals obtain energy by eating
plants or other animals
Many animals make their homes
in plants
Plants are not alive, because they cannot
move around and all living things are able
to move.
• Plants really are living organisms! Not
every living thing can move.
• Plants do respond to their environment.
The tendrils of some kinds of vines
respond to touch by curling. This allows
the vine to grab onto objects for
support.
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 Tropism
◦ Plants respond to sunlight by
bending in its direction.
◦ The roots of plants grow
downwards in response to
gravity.
 Plants
do not have nervous
systems
There are numerous kinds of plants.
 Conifers - pine trees - bear their
seeds in cones and have sharp
needle-like leaves.
 Flowering plants - bear their seeds in
fruits.
 Ferns- use spores to reproduce
rather than seeds.
 Mosses - which do not have roots,
stems or leaves.
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All living things are made of cells
Cells - tiny, microscopic building blocks of
all living things.
EACH CELL IS A SEPARATE LIVING THING.
◦ Some organisms only have one cell.
◦ Most organisms have millions of cells just like
you.
The living things you can see are made of
more than one cell. They are multi-cellular.
◦ Humans are multi-cellular.
◦ Plants are multi-cellular
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Plant cells contain chloroplasts
Chloroplasts - organelles that use the sun’s
energy, carbon dioxide, and water to
produce a sugar called glucose during
photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts contains chlorophyll.
◦ Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
Photosynthesis - occurs primarily in a
plant’s leaves.
◦ Leaves collect sunlight and absorb carbon
dioxide,
◦ Leaves release oxygen and water vapor. (Transpirtaion_
Photosynthesis can also occur in other
plant structures.
 Structure - a part of an organism; also
refers to the way parts are put together
 Vascular Plants have a definite structure.
They have leaves, stem, and roots.
However - Remember - some plants don’t have
leaves! Bryophytes
Lichens, fungi, mosses, liverworts,
slime-molds, algae
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Many plants have special adaptations that help to
protect them from being eaten.
Some plants defend themselves with sharp thorns,
prickles, or spines.
Thorns are branches or stems that end in sharp
points. Prickles, found on rose stems, are
protuberances from the epidermis of the stem.
Spines are found on the leaves of plants, especially
cacti.
Some plants, like poison ivy, produce toxins which
can make a herbivore sick or even kill it.
Other plants, such as the sensitive plant, close
their leaves when touched. This is known as
thigmotropism. The closed leaves appear dead and
therefore unappetizing to the plant eater.
 Plants
are an essential part of the
carbon cycle
 VIDEO – take notes!!!!!!!
1. Plants on land AND plants in the ocean
take carbon dioxide out of the air
2. Carbon dioxide is a molecule made of
2 carbon atoms &1 oxygen atom
3. Without carbon dioxide and photosynthesis
there would be no life on earth
4. Plants incorporate carbon dioxide into their
bodies
5. A plant leaf is like a sugar factory
6. Sunlight makes the factory work
7. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the
stomata
8. Stomata are located on the bottom side of the
leaf
 pores on the surface of a plant that allow gases
to move into and out of the plant (related word:
stoma)
 Gases in the air move in and out of a plant’s
leaves through stomata.
9. Water is a molecule made up of 2 hydrogen
atoms & 1 oxygen atom
10. Water enters plants through the roots, travels
up the stems (Xylem ) and into the leaves
11. Carbon dioxide is broken down by energy
(sunlight)
12. It is reassembled as sugar (glucose)
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13. GLUCOSE is the building block of LIFE
14. IN plants - SUGAR (glucose) is burned,
oxygen is given off
15. WE BREATHE IN oxygen and WE EAT
plants and other animals