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The Protestant Reformation • OBJ: SW develop listening and note-taking skills and complete guided reading activities IOT explain why the Protestant Reformation occurred, the response of the Catholic Church, and the political and social effects of the Reformation • WU: How many more books a month could be produced by one person as a result of the development of the printing press? What was the Reformation? • During the Renaissance, there was a growing belief that there were things wrong with the Catholic Church and that something should be done to correct, or reform the church • The Reformation starts as an attempt to fix the Catholic Church but quickly becomes a splintering of Christianity into many separate churches. What were the causes of the Reformation? • There were several causes: • • • • • Religious Social Political Economic All of these causes contributed to the splintering of Christianity in Europe into many different churches, some with very different beliefs The Causes 1.Religious Reasons • The initial factor • Some church leaders had become worldly and corrupt • Several Popes were known to have mistresses and were involved in politics and fighting wars for control of territory in Italy • Many people found Church practices such as selling indulgences unacceptable • An Indulgence was a “Get out of hell free card” • Early Reformers • • • • John Wycliffe in England Jon Hus in Bohemia Erasmus Thomas More • Social Factors • Renaissance values of Humanism and Secularism led people to begin to question the Church • The Printing Press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church much faster and to more people • The printing press helped to promote literacy in Europe • As people started to read the Bible, they began to form their own opinions on church practices • Political • For years the Church had claimed the right to intervene in the affairs of countries as the Pope was supposed to be the religious leader of Europe • As monarchs gained more power in their countries, they began to challenge the right of the Church to this claim • Because the Pope had his own armies and intervened militarily in affairs in Europe, many leaders began to view the Pope as a foreign ruler whose authority could be challenged. • Economic • European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth • Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the Church • The Church also had very strict rules on how much interest a banker could charge on a loan • The princes, merchants and bankers were all looking for a way to weaken the Church’s influence in these secular affairs