Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Protestant Reformation MAJOR GENERALIZATIONS • Roman Catholic Church in the Renaissance • Protest of Martin Luther • Results of the Protest Movements Major Generalizations • People prior to Martin Luther question the practices and doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church • Martin Luther successfully opposes the Roman Catholic Church with the support of a powerful Elector Major Generalizations • The emergence of Protestantism leads to the breakup of Christian Unity in Western Europe and opens up an age of religious conflict • The printing press allows the protests to be heard throughout Europe. Major Generalizations • The closer the proximity to Rome the more likely a state is to stay within the Roman Catholic fold. • Because of its rejection of authority, Protestantism splits into many denominations and sects. Major Generalizations • In the resulting Counter Reformation, many of the Roman Catholic Church’s abuses are corrected, but the Church doctrine remains firm. A. Roman Catholic Church in the Renaissance Concerns with the Church hierarchy • • • • Time of three Popes Clerical morals Disinterested higher clergy Uneducated priests • Issues of appointment and power – Lay investiture – Simony – Pluralism and absenteeism • Financial Concerns – Personal expenditures of the clergy – Expenditures for public buildings – Sale of indulgences B. Protests of Martin Luther • Forerunners of Martin Luther – Hussites – Lollards • Immediate concerns about the authority of Rome – Sale of indulgences – Morality of the papacy and the clergy • Theological concerns – – – – – Faith versus works Role of intermediaries Place of the Bible Number of sacraments Celibacy of clergy • Response to the protest – Support from a growing number of priests – Revolt of the peasants who misread Luther – Growing number of different Protestant groups • Anabaptists • Calvinists • Anglicans C. Results of the Protest Movements • Split in Western European Christian World – Northern Europe primarily Protestant – Southern Europe Roman Catholic • Response of the Roman Catholic Church – Council of Trent (1545-1563) • Re-affirmation of theological doctrines • Attempts to end corrupt practices – – – – Publication of the Index of Prohibited Books Creation of new religious orders Re-activation of Inquisition Growing influence of Jesuit missionary work • Growing anti-Semitism • Religious wars – Conflicts between Catholics and Protestants within many of the Germany states • Peace of Augsburg (1555) – French Catholics vs. French Huguenots • Edict of Nantes (1598) – English Catholics vs. English Anglicans