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1. Martin Luther initially criticized the Roman Catholic church on the grounds that it a. supported priests as religious teachers b. sponsored translations of the Bible into vernacular languages c. formed close associations with secular rulers d. used indulgences as a fund-raising device e. reduced the number of sacraments Answer: _____ 2. Which was one of the most important accomplishments of The Council of Trent(1545-1563) a. b. c. d. e. Simony and pluralism were established Reconciliation with the Protestants The sale of indulgences was encouraged The Roman Inquisition was instituted Reforms led to a spiritual renewal of the Roman Catholic Church Answer: _____ 3. Luther’s political conservatism is revealed in which of the following? a. b. c. d. e. His condemnation of the Peasants’ War His willing acceptance of the support of the German princes All of these His preference for political order over social justice His support for the extermination of the Munster Commune Answer: _____ 4. Sir Thomas More accepted martyrdom at the hands of Henry VIII because a. He would not swear the Oath of Supremacy b. Erasmus convinced him that it was correct to seek martyrdom c. He was already deathly ill d. He could not imagine any sort of criticism fo the Catholic Church e. He thought this would convince Henry of the errors of his ways Answer: _____ 5. In 1500 the two most powerful autocracies in Eastern Europe were a. Poland-Lithuania and Hungary b. the Ottoman and the Byzantine empires c. the Byzantine Empire and Poland-Lithuania d. Hungary and Kievan Russia e. Muscovy and the Ottoman Empire Answer: _____ 6. Martin Luther attended the Diet of Worms without losing his life because a. b. c. d. e. He was protected by the Elector of Saxony He enjoyed the support of the Holy Roman Emperor He possessed a sizable army He thought the Catholic Church would support his ideas He went in disguise Answer: _____ 7. Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Catholic and Counter Reformations? a. the conversion of the populations of southern Europe b. the stemming of the spread of Protestantism c. the reform of abuses within the Roman Catholic Church d. the suppression of heresy e. the confirmation of the Church’s basic dogma Answer: _____ 8. Major Protestant and Roman Catholic leaders of the 16th century a. b. c. d. e. restored the privileges of the clergy tried to reconcile Protestant and Catholic teachings rejected the Bible as the source of the religious truth advocated a complete separation of church and state favored government enforcement of morality Answer: _____ 9. In the 14th and 15th centuries, mystics, such as Meister Eckhart, Thomas a Kempis, and the founder of Brothers of the Common Faith, Gerard Groote a. b. c. d. e. Stressed the importance of the sacraments Had a universal and popular appeal Preached rebellion against the papacy Land the foundations for Protestantism’s personal approach to worship Argue the necessity of adhering to dogma Answer: _____ 10. Which of the following Italian Renaissance writers is INCORRECTLY paired with his work? a. b. c. d. e. Boccaccio- Praise of Folly Dante-Divine Comedy Machiavelli-The Prince Petrarch – sonnets Castiglioni- The Book of the Courtier Answer: _____ 11. Which of the following was recognized by the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges? a. The obligation of the state to pay the annates to Rome b. The principle that religious rights and principals take precedent over national rights c. The right of the French church to elect its own clergy without papal interference d. The right of French clergy to conduct the Mass in French e. The right of all French clergy to develop their own doctrines Answer: _____ 12. The social group that most often supported the centralizing efforts of the “new monarchs” was the a. Nobility b. c. d. e. Peasantry Clergy Bourgeoisie Urban workers Answer: _____ 13. The Reformation broke out first in the cities of a. b. c. d. e. England and Germany Italy and Spain Germany and France England and Switzerland Switzerland and Germany Answer: _____ 14. Which of the following cities had uninterrupted trade with the Near East throughout the Middle Ages, maintaining a vibrant urban society? a. b. c. d. e. Lyon Pisa Paris Avignon Naples Answer: _____ 15. In seventeenth-century western Europe, marriage patterns showed a tendency toward: a. intermarriage between Christians and Jews b. non-noble women marrying much younger men c. romantic love as the major factor in choosing a spouse d. intermarriage between peasant families and noble families e. relatively late first marriages by non-noble women Answer: _____ 16. The Church of England as initially established by Henry VIII in 1536 was a. b. c. d. e. Tied to traditional Catholic practices Dominated by the concept of salvation by faith alone Fundamentally Calivinist Torn by religious skepticism Closely tied to Lutheranism Answer: _____ 17. Which social group suffered the greatest decline in power as a result of the plague? a. b. c. d. e. Women Clergy Urban elites Noble landholders Peasants Answer: _____ 18. European society during the Renaissance differed from European society during the Middle Ages in that during the Renaissance a. b. c. d. the emphasis on individual worth increased the Church was no longer influential economic activity declined art no longer contained religious themes Answer: _____ 19. The most significant aspect of the social composition of the Renaissance art world was a. b. c. d. e. the high degree of specialization that was demanded the lack of the patronage system the high degree of women’s participation in it the large proportion of artists who came from the elite classes its apprentice system Answer: _____ 20. Social strife and competition for political power became so intense within the cities that most evolved into a. b. c. d. e. Oligrachies Feudal states Despotisms Mini-monarchies democracies Answer: _____