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CHEM 110 Introduction to Chemical Principles I Please turn off or silence pagers and cell phones. Chapter 1 | Slide 1 CHE 110 Introduction to Chemical Principles I Instructor: Dr. Larry Tirri Office: CHE 218 Lectures: 002 MTWR 12:15 PM – 1:45 PM TBE B172 Phone: 895-4281 Email: [email protected] or use WebCampus email Office Hours: MTWR 11:00 AM – 12:00 PM, MTWR 2:00 PM – 2:30 PM, Chapter 1 | Slide 2 Introductions Instructor: Dr. Tirri Students: Nursing Majors Pursuing BSN Diploma RN – Working Professionals LPN, etc. – Working Professionals Kinesiology, Food & Beverage Mgt. Non-Science Major Science Lab Elect. Others need CHE 121, CHE 122 Chapter 1 | Slide 3 Retention vs. Involvement What is best way to approach learning? Reading Observing Studying Discussing Doing Chemistry is a science, mastered by DOING !!! Chapter 1 | Slide 4 Chapter One Basic Concepts of Matter Basic Concepts of Matter Volcano Burning and Erupting Several Physical and Chemical Changes occur during this Process. © Gary Braasch/CORBIS Chapter 1 | Slide 6 What is Chemistry ? Chemistry is … What is matter? Chapter 1 | Slide 7 What is Chemistry ? Scope: Broad, all encompassing Advertisements frequently use terms such as Chemical Free and All Natural. Is this true? Chapter 1 | Slide 8 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Classification Systems: Physical States • Solid • Liquid • Gas Properties: • Physical • Chemical • Hazardous / Toxic Chapter 1 | Slide 9 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig. 1.1 Solid, liquid, and gas states Fig. 1.2 Water can be found in the solid, liquid, and vapor (gaseous) forms simultaneously. David Schultz/Getty Images Chapter 1 | Slide 10 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Solid: Liquid: Gas: State of matter is dependent on temperature, pressure, strength of forces between particles Chapter 1 | Slide 11 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Classification Systems: Physical States • Solid • Liquid • Gas Properties: • Physical • Chemical • Hazardous / Toxic Chapter 1 | Slide 12 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Physical Properties: Physical State: dependent upon temperature and pressure. Add heat to a solid. Add heat to a liquid. Solid ↔ Liquid Liquid ↔ Gas (vapor) Melting Point Boiling Point Chapter 1 | Slide 13 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d The melting of ice cream is a physical change involving a change of state; solid turns to liquid. Phil Degginger/Color-Pic Chapter 1 | Slide 14 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d O2 N2 H2O I2 Fe MP oC -218 -210 0 114 1535 BP oC -183 -196 100 184 2885 Differences may distinguish one from another. Chapter 1 | Slide 15 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Other Physical Properties: Color Odor Hardness Density Solubility All Physical Properties are observed without changing the basic identity of the substance. Chapter 1 | Slide 16 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Chemical Properties: Characteristic that describes the way a substance Cu (copper) objects turns ________ when exposed to ____, ______ and ______ Au (gold) objects ___________ Fe forms ________(rust) when exposed to ______ and ____________ Ag (silver) ____________, ________ Chapter 1 | Slide 17 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig. 1.3 The green color of the Statue of Liberty results from the reaction of copper with the components of air. Andy Levin/Photo Researchers Chapter 1 | Slide 18 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig. 1.5 As a result of chemical change, bright steel girders become rusty when exposed to moist air. Chapter 1 | Slide 19 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d C.C. 1.1 "Good" versus "Bad" Properties for a Chemical Substance Chapter 1 | Slide 20 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d “Good vs Bad” CO Coumadin Acetaminophen Chapter 1 | Slide 21 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Concept of Properties → Observed Changes Physical Changes – Change in physical appearance • Solid → Liquid → Gas • Solid → Gas Sublimation CO2 I2 Chemical Changes – Change in Chemical composition and changes in chemical properties. 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3 C + O2 → CO2 Chapter 1 | Slide 22 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Concept of Properties → Observed Changes Physical Changes – ____________________________ • _________ → _________ → ____________ • _________ → _____ ________ _____ ____ Chemical Changes – _________________________ and changes in ____________ properties. Chapter 1 | Slide 23 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d CAG .1 Chapter 1 | Slide 24 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Pure Substances vs Mixtures A Pure Substance is _________________ that cannot be _________ into other kinds of matter by any _____________ means. A Mixture is a _________ ____________ of _____ or _______ pure substances in which each substance ___________ its own ___________ __________. • Each substance • ____________and ___________ • ________________ composition Chapter 1 | Slide 25 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig. 1.6a James Scherer A magnet and a mixture consisting of potassium dichromate (orange crystals) and iron fillings. James Scherer (b) The magnet can be used to separate the iron fillings from the potassium dichromate. Chapter 1 | Slide 26 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig 1.7 Matter falls into two basic classes; pure substances and mixtures. Mixtures, in turn, may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Chapter 1 | Slide 27 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig 1.8 A pure substance can be either an element or a compound. Chapter 1 | Slide 28 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig. 1.9 Questions used in classifying matter into various categories. Chapter 1 | Slide 29 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d CAG 1.2 Chapter 1 | Slide 30 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig. 1.10 Outward physical appearance of naturally occurring elements ________ _______ _______ ______ ______ ____ Chapter 1 | Slide 31 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig. 1.11 Abundance of elements in the universe and in Earth’s crust (in atom percent) Chapter 1 | Slide 32 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d C.C. 1.2 Elemental Composition of the Human Body 60.5% 25.7% 10.7% 2.4% 0.7% Other Chapter 1 | Slide 33 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Table 1.1 Elements in Red plus As, Bi, Cr Ag _________________ Au _________________ Cu _________________ Fe _________________ Hg _________________ K _________________ Na _________________ Pb _________________ Sn _________________ Chapter 1 | Slide 34 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig. 1.12 A computer reconstruction of the surface of a sample of graphite (carbon) as observed with a scanning tunneling microscope. The image reveals the regular pattern of individual carbon atoms. The color was added to the image by computer. Image courtesy of Veeco Instruments Inc. Chapter 1 | Slide 35 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig. 1.13 254 million atoms arranged in a straight line would extend a distance of approximately 1 inch. Chapter 1 | Slide 36 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig 1.14 Molecular structure of (a) chlorine, (b) phosphorus, and (c) sulfur Chapter 1 | Slide 37 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Fig. 1.15 Depictions of various simple heteroatomic molecules using models. Spheres of different sizes and colors represent different kinds of atoms. Chapter 1 | Slide 38 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Example 1.2 Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing an element or a compound. Chapter 1 | Slide 39 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Practice Example 1.2 Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing an element of a compound. Chapter 1 | Slide 40 Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d Chemical Formulas Combination of ________ _________ to represent a ____________ or _____________ ______________ used to identify more than _____ ________ of an __________ Parentheses used to represent a ________ of _______ that represent a ________, such as Chapter 1 | Slide 41