Download IB1 Introduction to Ch

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts

Freshwater environmental quality parameters wikipedia , lookup

Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals wikipedia , lookup

Stoichiometry wikipedia , lookup

Organic chemistry wikipedia , lookup

Chemical potential wikipedia , lookup

Chemical industry wikipedia , lookup

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry wikipedia , lookup

Chemical weapon proliferation wikipedia , lookup

Chemical weapon wikipedia , lookup

Chemical Corps wikipedia , lookup

Process chemistry wikipedia , lookup

Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory wikipedia , lookup

Cocrystal wikipedia , lookup

Chemical plant wikipedia , lookup

Right to know wikipedia , lookup

Atomic theory wikipedia , lookup

Condensed matter physics wikipedia , lookup

Nanochemistry wikipedia , lookup

Drug discovery wikipedia , lookup

Nuclear chemistry wikipedia , lookup

American Chemical Society wikipedia , lookup

Chemical thermodynamics wikipedia , lookup

Inorganic chemistry wikipedia , lookup

List of artworks in the collection of the Royal Society of Chemistry wikipedia , lookup

Safety data sheet wikipedia , lookup

Physical organic chemistry wikipedia , lookup

Institute of Chemistry Ceylon wikipedia , lookup

California Green Chemistry Initiative wikipedia , lookup

Computational chemistry wikipedia , lookup

Green chemistry wikipedia , lookup

History of chemistry wikipedia , lookup

Analytical chemistry wikipedia , lookup

Transcript
IB Chemistry
A Watson/
Scheffler
South Pointe High
School
IB Chemistry
Instructor : Mrs. Allyson Watson
Email : [email protected]
2
Class Information/
Expectations Form
Your Name
Address
Telephone Number
Email
Hobbies:
Goals:
3
IB Chemistry Agenda
Periods
• Information forms
• Safety contracts
• Class Policies
• Cornell Notes
• Brief overview of the course
• Chemical Hazards/Lab Safety
• Scientific Methods
• Assignments
4
IB Chemistry JUNIORS
Assignments
• NEXT CLASS: Return signed the Safety
Agreement and read thoroughly the chemical
hazards/Lab Safety handout
• OTHER CLASS: Finish reading topic 1 in textbook
5
Expectations
See expectation handouts for
details
• Attendance
• Make Up
• Behavior
• Grading
• Cornell notes
Cornell Notes
• Divide the paper
• Documentation
• Record notes
• Review and Clarify
• Summarize
• Study
Introduction to Chemistry
Chemistry
The study of matter and its relationships
The study of materials and how they
interact
The Central Science
8
Chemistry Topics Include
Atomic Theory
Periodic Table
Bonding
Formulas and
Stoichiometry
States of matter
Calorimetry /
Thermodynamics
Solutions
Kinetics
Equilibrium
Acids and Bases
Oxidation
Reduction
9
Is Chemistry Hard??
Maybe! --- but you will
develop skills that are
valuable for the rest of
your life!
10
Is Chemistry Hard??
Well maybe but you will develop skills
that are valuable for the rest of your life
These include:
Abstract Thinking
Critical Thinking
Analysis
Logic
Math Skills
11
Is Chemistry Hard??
Well maybe but you will develop skills
that are valuable for the rest of your life
These include:
Abstract Thinking
Critical Thinking
Analysis
Logic
Math Skills
Problem Solving
Communication
Time Management
Hazards Management
12
Is Chemistry Dangerous??
Well maybe. sort of…..
13
Chemical Hazards
Hazard Criteria
 A Threshhold Limit value of less than 500
ppm
 A Lethal dose (LD50) less than 500 mg per kg
 Readily polymerizable
 Flashpoint less than 140oF
 A strong oxidizer or reducing agent
 Highly corrosive
 Carcinogen, mutagen,or teratogen.
 Radioactive
 See the handout for more definitions and
criteria for chemical hazards
14
Scientific Methods
• Always based on observation and
experimentation
• Observable and reproducible evidence
are required to support conclusions
15
Scientific Method
Investigation process
- Preliminary observations
-
Formulation of a hypothesis
Design experiments to test the hypothesis
Evaluate and interpret data
Draw appropriate conclusions
16
Hypothesis, Theory and Law
A Hypothesis is a tentative explanation or
expected result based on past evidence
and experience
A Theory is an explanation of a phenomona
based on the results of scientific
experimentation.
A Law is a principle that can be observed
repeatedly in the world over a long period
of time
17
Scientific Methods
The scientific method is not necessarily
a chronological order that scientists
always follow.
But remember ………..
Scientific information is always based
on evidence. The emphasis is always
on information that we can gain from
observations and experiments
18
Matter
• Has both volume and mass
• Exists in various states:




Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
19
Forms of Matter
• Element
• Compound
• Mixture
 Homogeneous
 Heterogeneous
20
Elemental Composition
of the Earth
Properties of Matter
• Physical -
• Chemical • Extensive • Intensive -
Color
Density
Melting point
How the substance reacts with
other substances
Depend on the amount of
material
Independent of the amount of
material
22
Density
• Definition
Ratio of mass to volume
• Formula
D = Mass/ volume
Density is an intensive property. It
is constant for most solids and
liquids, but it depends on the
pressure and temperature for a
gas
23
Physical and Chemical Changes
• Physical -
• Chemical -
A change in state or shape.
Affects the physical properties
but retains the properties of the
substance
Undergoes a chemical reaction.
A new substance is formed with
new physical and chemical
properties
24
Measurement
Measurements in the laboratory will
normally be made using the metric
system and SI units where feasible
25
Temperature Scales
Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit
Boiling point
of water.
373 K
100 oC
212 oF
Freezing point
of water.
273 K
100 oC
32 oF
0K
-273 oC
-460 oF
Absolute Zero.
26
Temperature Conversions
Fahrenheit to Celsius
oC
= 5/9 ( oF - 32)
Celsius to Fahrenheit
o
F = 9/5 oC + 32
Celsius to Kelvin
K = oC +273
27
Problem Solving Density
Formulas
Density = Mass/volume
D = m/V
M = DV
V = m/D
If you solve the formula
correctly the units will
match
D = m/V = g/cm3
M = DV = (g/cm3) /(cm3) = g
V = m/D =(g)/(g/cm3) = cm3
Units
Density = g/cm3
Mass = grams or g
Volume = cubic centimeters or
cm3
Measurement Issues
Uncertainty
Accuracy
Precision
Error
Significant Figures
Scientific Notation
29