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• About 3500 years old, Judaism is the mother religion of Christianity and Islam. • Monotheism: belief in and worship of only one god. • Jews believe they were chosen by God to practice and teach monotheism: the chosen people. • Abraham was the father of the Hebrew people, and Moses was the law-giver. • The Law refers to the Torah: the commandments of God to His chosen people. • The Torah was originally the Ten Commandments and now includes the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament). • The Torah also includes the Talmud, a very complex philosophical text to interpret law and discuss all fields of knowledge. • The Law has 613 mitzvoth or commandments to guide the Jew through life. • At age 13 boys participate in bar mitzvah. In some types girls celebrate bat mitzvah. • Various prayers are to be recited morning, afternoon, or evening. • Three divisions of Judaism: Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform. • Many Jews “keep kosher,” or only eat certain foods prepared in certain ways. This would be mandatory for Orthodox Jews and voluntary for Reform. • The rabbi is the spiritual leader and counsels the congregation on law and ritual. • The rabbi in the picture is wearing the traditional white prayer cloth. • Destruction of Solomon’s temple at Jerusalem in 586 BC caused the Jewish people to be scattered: Diaspora. Western or wailing wall of Solomon’s temple. • Jews did not have a homeland again until Israel was founded in the Holy Land in 1948. • Days vary because the Jewish calendar varies from the Christian one. • The Sabbath (holy day) commemorates Creation - sundown Friday to sundown Sat. • Passover (March 15-22) commemorates the Exodus from Egypt over 3,000 years ago. • Rosh Hashanah (New Year - early Sept.) - mourning the fate of the Jews. • Yom Kippur (Sept. 10) - Day of Atonement • Hanukah/Chanukah Festival of Lights celebrates oil that lasted 8 days. dreidel • Hitler blamed Germany’s problems on the Jews and persecuted them during WWII. • The Holocaust claimed the lives of around 6 million Jews in concentration camps. • There are only about 15 million Jews in the world - it is not a missionary religion.