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1861-1865
 A civil war is a war between people of the same
country.
.
 The American Civil War was fought to keep
the South from leaving the Union.
 Slavery
was the major issue that separated
the North from the South
After the southern states
secede from the Union
 South Carolina demands
that Union property be
surrendered to the south
 Lincoln refuses to allow
Fort Sumter to surrender
 Confederate forces fire
on the fort April 12, 1861
and eventually force its
surrender

 Larger
population
 North 22 million
 South Only 9 million
 More ships
 Larger, railroad system
 More industry - 81% of nation’s factories
 More Money 75% of nation’s wealth
North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan
Capture Richmond the Southern Capital
and force surrender
 Control of the Mississippi River to Stop
the transport of:








soldiers
Weapons
Ammunition
Clothes
Food
other supplies needed
Blockade southern ports to stop


cotton shipments
supplies from foreign nations

Fighting a defensive war
 Local support of all men
 familiar with land

Better Motivation: seeking
independence

Short communication lines/ friendly
population

Confederates had the best
generals

Cotton – to raise money they could
sell cotton to factories in England and
France

Goal: to be recognized as an
independent nation in order to
preserve their way of life

Defend its homeland, holding onto
as much territory as possible until
the North got tired of fighting

Capture Washington, D.C.

Gain England and France’s support

Beat back the Union troops from
South

This was the first major land
battle of the Civil War

Union 28,500 troops

Confederates 32,000 troops

To control an important rail
road junction in Northern
Virginia.

Early on in the battle
it seemed as if the
Union would win in
rather easy fashion.

With a wild “Rebel Yell” the Confederates launched a
strong counterattack, and as the Union troops began
withdrawing under pressure, many panicked and it
turned into a rout.
 In
just five minutes of fighting the 5th New
York Regiment (Union) lost 123 men.
 Many Yankee Soldiers just threw down their
guns and frantically ran in the direction of
nearby Washington D.C.
Union Commander: General Irwin
McDowell
Confederate Commander: General
Joe Johnston July 21, 1861
Casualties: Union-2,446, Confederate1,600
Winner: Confederate
General Lee of the Confederates invaded Maryland hoping the state would help the
South.
Lee was pinned down at Antietam creek by General George McClellan of the Union
after his plans were discovered wrapped around some cigars.
Significance:
•One of only 2 major battles fought in the North.
•The bloodiest day of the war.
•The Union forced Lee back to the South.
•This victory was what Lincoln needed to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation.
So who won the battle?
Union Commander: General George
McClellan
Confederate Commander:General
Robert E. Lee
September 17, 1862
Casualties: Union-12,410
Confederate-13,724
Winner: Union…barely!
 The
proclamation was
issued 22nd Sept 1862
 Freed all slaves who
were in Confederate
states fighting against
the Union
 Did not free all
slaves! Was very
limited.
 The
Union had a big
victory in The Battle of
Antietam
 His personal views on
slavery
 It was a popular idea in
the North
 He wanted the slaves in
the South to run away
 Union
General George Mead
 Confederate General Robert E. Lee
 Gettysburg is the largest battle in the
history of America.
 Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days.
 It was the last time the South invaded
the North.
 The South lost the battle, Union wins!
 After the battle Lincoln gives the famous
speech “The Gettysburg Address.”
General
Ulysses S.
Grant of the
Union
General
Robert E.
Lee of the
Confederacy
•Graduate from West Point, 1843
•Graduate from West Point, 1829
•Served in the Mexican War
•Served in the Mexican War
•Shoe salesman before the War
•Arrested John Brown
•Successful in Western Theater
•Lincoln asked Lee to head up the
Union Army
•Appointed by Lincoln in 1864 to
command all Union forces
•Refused because of loyalty to Virginia.
•The Butcher
•Defeated Union in battles from 1861
to 1863 in the Eastern theater
•Unconditional Surrender Grant
 Lee’s
Confederate
troops
 Starving and
clothes were rags
 Trapped
 Forced to
surrender at the
Appomattox
Courthouse on
April 9, 1865
 Grant’s
Union
troops
 Well-fed and well
supplied
 Surrounded the
Confederate
soldiers
 THE WAR WAS
OVER!
Terms of Surrender
•All officers and enlisted men in the
Confederate army could go back to
their homes.
•All military equipment and weapons
had to be given up to the Union.
Civil War ended when Lee surrendered to Grant at
APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE April 9, 1865
Cost of the War
•The war cost the U.S. government
about $2 million per day or about $6
billion total.
•The south spent about $4 billion on the
war effort.
•Around 620,000 soldiers died in the
Civil War
Iraq
Persian
2,900
300
After four bloody years of civil war,
the South was defeated.
 Abraham
Lincoln did not live to see peace
 Five days after the surrender, April 14, 1865
Lincoln was shot and killed
 Watching a play at Ford’s Theatre in
Washington, D.C.
 John Wilkes Booth, assassinated the
President.