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THE NILE VALLEY
Like many ancient
civilizations, the Egyptians
settled near water in Nile
River Valley. There are
many advantages of living
near water. Can you name
some of them?
DRINKING
BATHING
COOKING
CLEANING
GROWING
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WORLD’S LONGEST RIVER.
FLOWS FROM AFRICA TO THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA.
THE NILE BEGINS AS TWO SEPARATE RIVERS
(THE BLUE NILE AND THE WHITE NILE).
Questions
What is a cataract?
What is a delta?



LARGEST DESERT IN THE WORLD.
ALSO CALLED “RED LANDS.”
USEFUL FOR PROTECTION AGAINST ATTACK.
 DANGEROUS
CATARACTS.
 DELTA MARSHES LEFT NO
HARBORS



FARMING (WHEAT, BARLEY, FLAX SEED
TRAVEL AND TRADE
USEFUL IRRIGATION
WATCH OUT FOR
FLOODING!!!
 PAPYRUS
 DEVELOPED
GEOMETRY
 HIEROGLYPHICS
Ancient Egypt had a very
unique governmental
system. Along with this
governmental systems, like
all societies, a class system
emerged.
Who were the Pharaohs?
They were the kings or Queens
of Egypt. They were the head of the
government and high priest of every
temple. The pharaoh owned all of Egypt.
He or she decided what was right or
wrong and their word was law. The
people of Egypt considered the pharaoh
to be a half-human and half-god.

Priests were very important
people in Egyptian times. Besides
serving the gods, priests did many
other jobs, such as teaching, or
even helping with the harvest.
Priests had to be pure and clean.
They shaved their heads and
bodies and washed four times a
day.
This statue of a priest has a bald
head, a fake beard and he is in the
praying position
Court Officials and Noblemen held high
office in Ancient Egypt and helped the
Pharaoh to rule the country. The Pharaoh
would often reward loyal nobles with gifts
of land, so that they would earn their own
money from taxes.
Being a noble was one of the best jobs in
Egypt. Nobles were rich and could enjoy
themselves hunting and having banquets.
Noble on a hunting trip with his family
What is a Scribe?
Scribes were the few Egyptians who
knew how to read and write. Being a
scribe was an extremely difficult job
because in total, there were hundreds
of different hieroglyphs to remember.
A scribe's job was highly regarded in
Ancient Egypt. Although being a scribe
was rewarding, the training could take
as long as twelve years.
Egyptian craftsmen were highly
skilled. They learned their trade
from their fathers and, in turn,
taught their sons. They used
simple techniques and tools to
make all sorts of useful things.
The Pharaoh, government or
temples often employed them.
Craftsmen carving statues
and ornaments
Carpenters using a bow drill
Metal workers making precious
objects
The most important business
in Egypt was farming. Most of
the people who worked in the
fields and barns were
peasants. During the flood
season when no farming
could be done the peasants
did building work on temples
and palaces.
Peasants herding
cattle for the
Pharaoh
Peasants preparing
food for a banquet