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ANCIENT EGYPT A FERTILE VALLEY CIVILIZATION VOCABULARY Dynasty: a family that hands down power from one generation to the next Mummification: a ritual where all internal organs are removed from the body, which is dried in salt and wrapped in cloth Sarcophagus: a lavish coffin Hieroglyphics: pictorial script composed of hundreds of signs that represent objects, ideas and sounds Papyrus: a plant early paper was created from THE NILE: A SACRED RIVER THE NILE • Without the Nile all of Egypt would be a desert and it’s soil infertile • Thus Egyptians believed the Nile to be the source of life and revered it above all things • With a dessert on either side of the Nile and cataracts in the river, ancient Egypt had natural defences that allowed their culture to flourish POWER AND SOCIAL HIERARCHY • Over a period of 25 centuries the pharaohs ruled Egypt • There were over 30 different dynasties CREATION MYTH • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTy49JlgJZEn SOCIAL HIERARCHY: THE ELITE • The pharaoh and the vizier • The pharaoh is on the top of the social hierarchy • He was king and high priest of Egypt • He was considered the son of the sun God • The pharaoh was responsible for many parts of society: irrigation, agriculture, trade , temples, religion, justice, public works and leader of the army • He gave some of this power to the Vizier who aided him in his work ELITE CONT’D: NOBLES • Lords, High Officials and Priests made up the class of Nobles and the privileged • They were very wealthy and influential • During time of war or crisis high ranking military officials were included in this class MIDDLE CLASS: SCRIBES , ARTISANS AND MERCHANTS • Scribes held a privileged place in society • Because they were so necessary to the nobles that they lived in the royal palace or temple • They did not have to partake in manual labour • They kept records, transcribed laws, and composed hymns • Artisans could live well as they made jeweller, furniture and clothes sought after by the rich • Merchants sold artisan products and gave them a certain status as well PEASANTS • Most Egyptians were peasants • Even though they were very important to running Egypt they lived in very poor conditions • They paid high taxes and had to do chores such as the maintenance of irrigation channels and working in the fields SLAVES • Slaves were the bottom of the social hierarchy • most were prisoners of war • Some toiled in mines while others worked in households