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Robert Granger Nora King Megen Miller Audrey Jones Jennifer Owens Target Audience: Grade Level: Ninth Grade Ages: 14-15 •Fad Diets are becoming more prevalent •15.4% of female high school and college students meet clinical standards for an eating disorder •Young males: proportion has risen by 10% •Usually between 13-14 years old Why do adolescents develop eating disorders? • Six Factors – Biological factors – Social Factors – Cultural Factors – Psychological factors – Family Factors – The Media Biological Factors • Individuals may be genetically disposed to developing eating disorders • Studies show that people with a mother/sister with an eating disorder are more likely to develop disordered eating Social Factors • Problems in relationships may cause someone to develop an eating disorder • Appearance-obsessed friends of family member, and boyfriends/girlfriends may encourage unhealthy loss of weight • People fear social situations and may sometimes feel lonely Cultural Factors • Some cultures may place unrealistic demands on weight and body size • Thinness may be a key element of attractiveness • Western culture: striving for success causes people to link self-esteem to weight Psychological Factors • Perfectionism • Need for control of everything in life, especially the body • Adolescents who feel overwhelmed and powerless desire to control something, and sometimes controlling body weight comes first Family Factors • Overprotective families • Some parents put more emphasis on body image and physical appearance of their children – Limiting children’s access to food or treats may cause children to overeat when they aren’t hungry. This can set a stage for an eating disorder. The Media • Majority of celebrities that adolescents see • • on television are thin beautiful, happy people. Many advertisements say “You are not acceptable the way you are, but if you but this product you will be happy” Fashion magazines are filled with superskinny models and weight loss advice. Fad Diets • Liquid Protein Shakes • Low Carbohydrate Diets • Diet Pills Risky Behaviors • Self Starvation • Binging and Purging Weight Cycling • Focus on Lifestyle Changes •Anorexia Nervosa •Bulimia Nervosa •Binge Eating Disorder •Adonis Complex Anorexia Nervosa Defined as the relentless pursuit of thinness. • Weighs 85% less than what is expected of their height • Young girls that do not menstruate appropriately • Discontinuing or slow onset of puberty • Terrified of becoming fat • Compulsive rituals and strange eating habits Bulimia Nervosa Identified as being a disorder that consist of dieting, binging, and purging. •Persons who diets and then binge eats after becoming hungry • Feels out of control while eating • Tries to “undo” binge by vomiting, laxatives, exercise or fasting •Weight may be normal to slightly below normal Binge Eating Disorder Defined as being a person who frequently consumes large amounts of food. •Feels out of control and cannot stop eating • May eat rapidly or secretly • Feels guilty or ashamed of binge eating • Has a history of diet failures • Tends to be depressed or obese Adonis Complex Defined as simply being a disorder that involves male body image concerns. •Use of Anabolic Steroids or Dietary supplements •Sole purpose is improving appearance • Rapid fluctuations of weight • Preoccupation with a model appearance • May show symptoms of Binge Eating Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, and Bulimia Nervosa. Overcoming the Odds •Signs •Symptoms •Treatment Signs Anorexia Nervosa • Dramatic Weight Loss • Preoccupation with weight, food, calories, fat grams, dieting • Consistent avoidance of mealtimes • Withdrawal from friends • Pronounced emotional changes • Wearing over-sized clothing Signs of Bulimia Nervosa • Disappearance of large amounts of • • • • • • food Frequent trips to bathroom after eating Unusual swelling of cheeks or jaw area Calluses and scars on back of hands and knuckles Discolored or stained teeth Withdrawal from friends Rigid exercise regimen Signs of Binge Eating Disorder • Eat a large quantity of food, until • • • • • uncomfortably full Eat quickly Unable to control what or how much they are eating Low self-esteem Obsessed about food and body image Gain and lose weight often Signs of Adonis Complex • Excessive Exercise • A preoccupation with a model appearance • Dangerous techniques • Depressed feelings • Need to constantly reassured that he looks good Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa • Intense fear of gaining weight or being • • • • • • fat Loss of menstrual periods Indifference to excessive weight loss Dizziness, blackouts, difficulty concentrating Trouble sleeping Pain when sitting down Disturbance in body image Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa • Irregular heartbeats, possibly heart failure • • • • • and death Potential for gastric rupture Inflammation and possible rupture of esophagus Tooth decay and staining Chronic irregular bowel movement and constipation Peptic ulcers and pancreatitis Symptoms Binge Eating Disorder • Shortness of Breathe • Decreased Mobility • Depression or Anxiety • Strain on relationships due to keeping eating activities a secret • Feeling Powerless • Avoidance from activities Symptoms of Adonis Complex • • • • • • • Strong need to be in control Perfectionism Avoids conflict, tries to “keep the peace” Feeling of worthlessness Social isolation Depression Moodiness and Irritability Treatment for Disordered Eating • Comprehensive Assessment • • • • -Physical Exam -Nutritional Counseling -Psychiatric Evaluation Coordinated Care Plan Psychotherapy Inpatient Treatment or Hospitalization Medication What to do if someone close to you has an eating disorder.. • Set a time to talk • Communicate your concerns • Ask your friend to explore these • • • • concerns Avoid conflicts or a battle of the wills Avoid placing shame, blame, or guilt Avoid giving simple solutions Express your continued support •Positively •Negatively Positives • The Dove advertisements that express beauty in ever age, color, and size • Healthy dieting such as, following the food guide pyramid • Weight loss television shows that help contestants lose weight in a healthy way Negatives • Idealization of thinness • “You’ re not good enough unless you are thin” • Very thin and beautiful celebrities in magazines • Very thin models • Demonizing those who don’t wear a size 6 Did you know? Average Size of an American Women Height: 5ft. 3.5 in. Weight: 143 lbs Chest: 35.9 in. Waist: 29 in. Hip: 39 in. Average size of a supermodel Height: 5ft. 9 in. Weight: 110-115 lbs Chest: 33 in. Waist: 23 in. Hip: 33in.