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Understanding Mental Health & Mental Illness What is Mental Health?? Mental health refers to the maintenance of successful mental activity. What is Mental Health?? Mental health refers to the maintenance of successful mental activity. This includes maintaining productive daily activities and maintaining fulfilling relationships with others. It also includes maintaining the abilities to adapt to change and to cope with stresses. It is definitely NOT easy being a teenager! Sometimes it’s tough to avoid feeling stressed, and pressure can build up in many areas of life (socially, in school, at home, and while making big life decisions) Worrying about these pressures is NORMAL. But feeling VERY sad, hopeless or worthless might be a sign of a mental health problem. Mental illness can occur when the brain (or part of the brain) is not working well or is working in the wrong way. When the brain is not working properly, one or more of its 6 functions will be disrupted Behavior Thinking Perception Physical Emotion Signaling Symptoms can include Thinking difficulties or problems focusing attention Extreme emotional highs and lows Sleep problems When these symptoms significantly disrupt a person’s life, we say that the person has a mental disorder or a mental illness. So, what are the CAUSES of mental illness?? Well, the causes of mental illness are COMPLICATED!! + Genetics → Environment Brain Disorder What do we know about the causes of mental illness? The symptoms of mental illness are a result of abnormal brain functioning. Mental illness is a brain disorder. Mental illness is rarely if ever caused by stress alone What do we know about the causes of mental illness? It is not the consequence of poor parenting or bad behavior. It is not the result of personal weakness or deficits in personality. It is not the manifestation of malevolent spiritual intent. Only in exceptional cases is it caused by nutritional factors. It is not caused by poverty. Many mental illnesses begin during childhood and persist into adolescence. Some of these include: • • • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) BUT… some illnesses begin during adolescence. The illnesses that most often begin during adolescence include: • • • • • • • • Major Depression (MD) Schizophrenia Bipolar Disorder (BD) Panic disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Eating Disorders Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Addictions What do we know about people with mental illnesses? • Most people with mental disorders live productive and positive lives while receiving treatments for their mental illness. • Some people have severe and persistent mental disorders which respond poorly to current treatments (as in all other illnesses) • Mental illness does not respect any boundaries of race, class or geography. • The majority of people have a friend, acquaintance or family member who has or has had a mental disorder. Mental health problems can be treated! If you feel VERY sad, stressed or worried, it might help to talk to someone about how you are feeling. Do you ever… • • • • • • • Often feel very angry or very worried? Do reckless things that could harm you or others? Feel grief for a long time after a loss or a death? Think your mind is controlled or out of control? Use alcohol or drugs? Exercise, diet and/or binge-eat obsessively? Hurt other people or destroy property? Do you ever… • • • • • • • Often feel very angry or very worried? Do reckless things that could harm you or others? Feel grief for a long time after a loss or a death? Think your mind is controlled or out of control? Use alcohol or drugs? Exercise, diet and/or binge-eat obsessively? Hurt other people or destroy property? If you feel any of these things, it might help to talk to a parent, teacher, school counselor or physician. Types of Mental Illness • • • • • • • Anxiety Disorders Impulse Control Disorders Eating Disorders Mood Disorders Conduct Disorders Schizophrenia Personality Disorders Anxiety Disorders a condition in which real or imagined fears are difficult to control Anxiety Disorders Phobias: a strong irrational fear of something specific, such as heights or social situations • acrophobia—fear of heights • disposophobia—fear of throwing things away • triskaidekaphobia—fear of the number 13 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: persistent thoughts, fears, or urges (obsessions) leading to uncontrollable repetitive behaviors (compulsions) Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder: attacks of sudden, unexplained feelings of terror Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): a condition that may develop after exposure to a terrifying event Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): exaggerated worry and tension for no reason Impulse Control Disorders a condition where individuals cannot resist the urge to hurt themselves or others Impulse Control Disorders Kleptomania: unplanned theft of objects Cutting: repetitive cutting on parts of the body that can be hidden Pyromania: setting fires to feel pleasure or release tension Excessive gambling: continuing to gamble despite heavy losses Compulsive shopping: spending money on items that you can’t afford and don’t need Mood Disorders an illness that involves mood extremes that interfere with everyday living DEPRESSION BIPOLAR DISORDER Conduct Disorders an illness characterized by patterns of behavior in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANCE DISORDER VANDALISM LYING Schizophrenia a mental disorder in which a person loses contact with reality DELUSIONS HALLUCINATIONS Personality Disorders an illness where individuals are unable to regulate their emotions ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER Sun Life Financial Chair In Adolescent Mental Health For more information visit WWW.TEENMENTALHEALTH.ORG Image Credits Slide 1: Paulo Correa aka Nookiez - http://www.sxc.hu/profile/nookiez Slide 14: mohsen rasoulov - www.moosville.com/photoblog Slide 15: Paulo Correa aka Nookiez - http://www.sxc.hu/profile/nookiez