Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Attachment disorder wikipedia , lookup
Sluggish cognitive tempo wikipedia , lookup
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder wikipedia , lookup
Selective mutism wikipedia , lookup
Parent management training wikipedia , lookup
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder controversies wikipedia , lookup
Child and adolescent psychiatry wikipedia , lookup
Asperger syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Diagnosis of Asperger syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Depression in childhood and adolescence wikipedia , lookup
CHAPTER 14 DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE MENTAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AGES 9-17 Disorder Percent Affected Anxiety Disorders 13.0 Mood Disorders 6.2 Disruptive Disorders 10.3 EXTERNALIZING DISORDERS Disorders with behaviors that are disruptive and often aggressive Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Tic disorders (Tourette’s) Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) Conduct disorder INTERNALIZING DISORDERS Related to worries and disturbing thoughts rather than to overt behaviors Separation anxiety disorder Social phobia Generalized anxiety disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Depression ADHD Either criteria for inattention or hyperactivityimpulsivity must be met. Inattention – Behaviors include Does not seem to listen or follow through on instructions Difficulty in organizing activities and tasks Easily distracted by other stimuli Forgetful in daily activities Hyperactivity- Behaviors include Fidgets, runs about excessively Hard to play quietly Talks excessively Gluts out answers Can’t wait turn ADHD How common? Consequences? 7 out of 100 children 4 boys to 1 girl Deficiencies in academic and social skills Poor school achievement Negative self-view Problematic interactions with parents and teachers Causes? Genetic inheritance Environmental factors Brain functioning Neurotransmitter activity RATES OF ADHD ADHD TREATMENT Stimulant medication Antidepressant medication Behavioral intervention Classroom intervention Parent training Combination of medications and behavioral intervention is most efficacious TIC DISORDERS Tics Tourette’s Involuntary, sudden, recurrent, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations Large motor ticks (shoulders, trunk, arms, legs) combined with uttering obscenities (coprolalia) Genetic basis Both often occur together with ADHD Treatment for Tourette’s Antidepressant medication Relaxation therapy OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER Pattern of negativistic, defiant, hostile behavior lasting more than six months and not typical for age or developmental level Cause impairment in social, academic functioning Examples: Loses temper Argues with adults Refuses to comply with requests Deliberately annoys others Angry and resentful Spiteful and vindictive Causes Genetic Family relationships FREQUENCY OF OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER CONDUCT DISORDER More serious than ODD Aggressive behavior that violates social norms and rights of others Examples Causes Threatens or causes harm to people and animals Property damage, theft, deceitfulness Serious violations of rules Behaviors would constitute antisocial personality disorder if child were over 18 years Negative family environment Lack of social and academic skills ADHD and ODD often associated with later development of conduct disorder DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF CONDUCT DISORDER TREATMENT FOR CONDUCT DISORDER Prevention Develop social, emotional, and cognitive skills Cognitive-behavioral interventions Cognitive review of situation before reacting, thinking aloud Positive encounters with clinicians and other adults to develop prosocial behaviors Interventions must involve parents SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER Excessive anxiety or panic when absent from major attachment figures, lasting for more than four weeks, and impairing functioning Often develops after some stress (loss of parent, relative, or pet or serious family illness, parental separation or divorce) Usually from caring families Sometimes the result of failure to achieve secure attachment bond in early childhood Diminishes after the age of 10 years SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER OTHER ANXIETY DISORDERS Social phobia Generalized anxiety disorder Shun contact with unfamiliar people, especially if under pressure to perform. In situations associated with pressure to perform, seek out peers to establish dependent relationships; overly eager to please peers. Obsessive-compulsive disorder Persistent intrusion of intense, unwanted thoughts with compulsions to perform ritualistic, repetitive behaviors; mostly concerned with dirt and contamination, performing washing rituals. Causes – Genetic; serotonin imbalance TREATMENT OF ANXIETY DISORDER Family treatment Cognitive-behavioral interventions Antidepressant or antianxiety medication Children with obsessive-compulsive disorder report that they treat themselves by exposure to feared situation and refraining from performing ritual DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS Birth to 2 years 3 to 5 years Sadness, weight loss, tiredness, thoughts of suicide, anger, apathy, irritability 6 to 12 years Whining, withdrawal, delays in physical, cognitive, language development Nightmares, night terrors, clinginess Similar to adults with verbalization of thoughts and feelings; sometimes delinquent behavior; somatic problems; anger; poor school performance 13 to 18 years Volatile moods, rage, low self-esteem, sexual acting out, substance abuse, suicidal thoughts and behavior. RATES OF DEPRESSION IN BOYS AND GIRLS CHILD AND ADOLESCENT THERAPY Play therapy Behavioral Teaching child coping skills – identifying problems, planning responses, thinking aloud Family therapy Time out Operant conditioning Cognitive-behavioral Talk and play techniques Family systems approach Effectiveness Unclear how effective in clinical settings, though research settings indicate positive effects.