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Mental Health First Aid USA – A Public Education
Program for Adults, Older Adults and Youth
Missy Moore
Community Liaison, Right at Home of DC
National Trainer, Mental Health First Aid
Bryan Gibb
Director of Public Education
National Council for Behavioral Health
Mental Health First Aid USA is coordinated by the
National Council for Behavioral Health, the Maryland
Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, and
the Missouri Department of Mental Health.
Mental Health First Aid is the help offered to a person
developing a mental health problem or experiencing a
mental health crisis. The first aid is given until appropriate
treatment and support are received or until the crisis
resolves.
Mental Health First Aiders
What we are
Mental Health
Ambassadors
Caring
Colleagues
Informed Helpers
Resource
knowledgeable
Aware of what’s
appropriate for
each audience
What we are not
Diagnosticians
Treatment
Providers
Trained
interventionists
Long term care
providers
Emergency
providers
Growth by the Numbers
MORE THAN
8,000
CERTIFIED
INSTRUCTORS
4,500+
YOUTH
INSTRUCTORS
As of August 1, 2015
we have trained
425,000 people total
As of August 1, 2015
we have trained
105,000 people in
the youth program
More than 450,000 First Aiders in the US
Trained by more than 8,000 Instructors
ALGEE-OMETER
AK
WA
2,289
(42)
6,570
(132)
MT
1,353 (46)
OR
5,203 (110)
ND
956 (20)
997 (46)
CA
1,620
(37)
35,285
(700)
1,233 (53)
9,716 (107)
CO
14,873
(248)
KS
9,236 (119)
MO
IL
NY
MI
7,269 (272)
18,028
(250)
IA
NE
UT
WI
1,636 (17)
NV
470 (50)
1,318
(49)
565 (43)
1,139 (66)
NH
3,956
(45)
SD
WY
OH
IN
13,501 2,782
(229) (104)
5,240
(190)
KY
19,445
(238)
9,271
(165)
PERCENTAGE OF
POPULATION TRAINED
OK
1,224 (54)
NM
2,476 (61)
5,343 (106)
0.15% or more
0.075%-0.149%
0.025%-0.039%
Less than 0.025%
1,670
(15)
TX
LA
19,096 (581)
419
(11)
0.04%-0.074%
TN
AR
MS
3,089 1,732
(53)
(70)
WV
164
VA
(11) 8,827
DE
MD
12,073 (510)
(274)
DC
NC
2,682 (80)
513 (14)
5,001
(112)
FL
6,474
(207)
GUAM
37 (2)
PR
HI
Reported through April 2015
107 (7)
CT
4,630 (147)
SC
GA
MA
2,231 (95)
5,760 (109)
NJ
28,403 (514)
8,818 (216)
(40)
AL
RI
631 (11)
PA
1,990
AZ
1,211
(15)
MN
762 (17)
ID
ME
VT
340 (2)
298 (18)
Audiences
25,000 Courses (through April 2015)
31.4% General Community/Not Specified
24.7% Behavioral Health
15.9% Higher Education
7.0% Social Services
6.9% Primary Care
6.7% Law Enforcement/Public Safety
5.6% Faith Communities
4.5% Youth-focused entities
0.6% Business/Corporations
2.2% Other
MHFA Action Plan
Assess for risk of suicide or harm
Listen nonjudgmentally
Give reassurance and information
Encourage appropriate professional help
Encourage self-help and other support strategies
Adult Curriculum Overview
What is Mental Health First Aid?
Mental Health Problems in the United States
Mental Health First Aid Action Plan
Understanding Depression and Anxiety
Mental Health First Aid Action Plan for Depression and Anxiety
> Suicidal Behavior - Depressive Symptoms
> Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
> Panic Attacks
> Traumatic Events
> Anxiety Symptoms
Understanding Psychosis
Mental Health First Aid Action Plan
> Acute Psychosis - Disruptive or Aggressive Behavior
Understanding Substance Use Disorders
Mental Health First Aid Action Plan
> Overdose - Withdrawal
> Substance Use Disorders
Using your Mental Health First Aid Training
Youth Curriculum Overview:
What is Youth Mental Health First Aid?
Adolescent Development & Mental Health
Problems in Youth
What you may see:
> Signs and Symptoms
> Risk Factors and Protective Factors
Mental Health First Aid Action Plan
Using the Mental Health First Aid Action Plan
> In Non-Crisis Situations
> In Crisis Situations
U.S. Adults with Higher Incidence
Mental Disorders/Addictions in
Any One Year
Type of Mental Disorder
Anxiety disorder
% Adults
19.1
.
Major depressive disorder
6.8
.
Substance use disorder
8.0
.
Bipolar disorder
2.8
.
Eating disorders
2.1
.
Schizophrenia
0.45
.
Any mental disorder
19.6
.
Only 41% of people with a mental illness use mental health services in any given
year
U.S. Youth with a Mental Disorder
During Adolescence (Age 13-18)
Prevalence (%)
With severe impact
(%)
Anxiety disorders
31.9
8.3
Behavior disorders
19.1
9.6
Mood disorders
14.3
11.2
Substance use disorders
11.4
n/a
Overall prevalence (with severe impact)
22.2
Why MHFA Focused on Older
Adults?
Why Mental Health First Aid
for Those who Work With Youth?
Mental health problems are common
Mental health problems often develop during
adolescence
Youth and young adults may experience mental
health problems differently than adults
Youth may not be well informed
The sooner an individual gets help, the more
likely they are to have a positive outcome
Misunderstanding and discrimination are often
associated with mental health problems
Professional help is not always on hand
Youth Empowerment is key!
Recovery from Mental Illness
“Recovery is the process in which people are
able to live, work, learn, and participate fully in
their communities.”
“For some, this is the ability to live a fulfilling and
productive life despite a disability.”
“For others, recovery implies the reduction or
complete remission of symptoms.”
— President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health
vii
Exercise
Disability Weights
Depression and Anxiety
Are among the most common mental illnesses
Can impact individuals through their lives
Can have some similar signs and symptoms
Can frequently co-occur
Signs and Symptoms of
Depression
Symptoms
What they may feel
Sadness/anxiety
Low energy
Sleep disturbance
Appetite change
Headaches
Pessimism
Loss of sexual desire
Unexplained aches and
pains
Hopelessness
Helplessness
Thoughts of death and
suicide
Signs
What we may see
Weight change
Withdrawal from others
Irritability
Changes in self
care/appearance
Personality change
Tearfulness
Errors
Indecisiveness/confusion
Disorganized
Forgetful
Self-criticism
Signs & Symptoms of Anxiety
Symptoms
What they may feel
Fearfulness
Excessive worry
Mind racing
Avoiding situations
Feeling “on edge”
Sleep disturbance
Shortness of breath
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Signs
What you may see
Physical
tension/fidgeting
Impatience
Irritability
Anger
Difficulty completing
projects
Avoidance of
situations
Panic
Excessive worry
(From Living with IT: A survivor’s Guide to Panic Attacks – Bev Aisbett)
Film Clip
Alice’s Story
Suicide Risk Assessment
Sex
Age
Chronic physical illness
Mental illness
Use of alcohol or other substances
Less social support
Previous attempt
Organized plan
Warning Signs of Suicide
Threatening to hurt or kill oneself
Seeking access to means
Talking or writing about death, dying, or suicide
Feeling hopeless
Feeling worthless or a lack of purpose
Acting recklessly or engaging in risky activities
Feeling trapped
Increasing alcohol or drug use
Withdrawing from family, friends, or society
Demonstrating rage and anger or seeking
revenge
Appearing agitated
Having a dramatic change in mood
Questions to Ask
Ask the person directly whether he or she is
suicidal:
• “Are you having thoughts of suicide?”
• “Are you thinking about killing yourself?”
Ask the person whether he or she has a plan:
• “Have you decided how you are going to kill
yourself?”
• “Have you decided when you would do it?”
• “Have you collected the things you need to
carry out your plan?”
How to Talk with a Person
Who Is Suicidal
Let the person know you are concerned and are
willing to help
Discuss your observations with the person
Ask the question without dread
Do not express a negative judgment
Appear confident, as this can be reassuring
Check For Two Other Risks
Has the person been using alcohol or other
drugs?
Has he or she made a suicide attempt in the
past?
Keeping the Person Safe
Provide a safety contact number
Help the person identify past supports
Involve them in decision making
Call law enforcement if the person has a
weapon or is behaving aggressively
Do Not
Leave an actively suicidal person alone
Use guilt and threats to try to prevent suicide
> You will go to hell
> You will ruin other people’s lives if you die by suicide
Agree to keep their plan a secret
Listening Nonjudgmentally
Key attitudes to make the person feel respected,
accepted, and understood:
• Acceptance
• Genuineness
• Empathy
Key nonverbal skills to show you are listening:
• Attentiveness
• Comfortable eye contact
• Open body posture
• Being seated
• Sitting next to the person rather than directly
opposite
• Not fidgeting
Give Reassurance and
Information
Treat the person with respect and dignity
Do not blame the person for his or her
symptoms
Have realistic expectations
Offer consistent emotional support and
understanding
Give the person hope for recovery
Provide practical help
Offer information
What Isn’t Supportive
Do not just tell the person to “snap out of it”
Do not be hostile or sarcastic
Do not adopt an overinvolved or overprotective
attitude
Do not nag the person to do what he or she
normally would do
Do not trivialize the person’s experiences
Do not belittle or dismiss the person’s feelings
Avoid speaking with a patronizing tone
Resist the urge to try to “cure” the person
Encourage Appropriate
Professional Help
•
Types of Professionals
 Doctors (primary care physicians)
 Psychiatrists
 Social workers, counselors, and other mental health
professionals
 Certified peer specialists
•
Types of Professional Help
 “Talk” therapies
 Medication
 Other professional supports
69
Mental Health First Aid USA
@NationalCouncil
@MHFirstAidUSA
/TheNationalCouncil
/Mental-Health-First-Aid-USA
[email protected]
202. 684.7457