* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Huffman PowerPoint Slides
Autism spectrum wikipedia , lookup
Depersonalization disorder wikipedia , lookup
Conduct disorder wikipedia , lookup
Generalized anxiety disorder wikipedia , lookup
Eating disorder wikipedia , lookup
Conversion disorder wikipedia , lookup
Personality disorder wikipedia , lookup
Antisocial personality disorder wikipedia , lookup
Schizoaffective disorder wikipedia , lookup
Asperger syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Glossary of psychiatry wikipedia , lookup
Mental disorder wikipedia , lookup
Munchausen by Internet wikipedia , lookup
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems wikipedia , lookup
Spectrum disorder wikipedia , lookup
Child psychopathology wikipedia , lookup
Causes of mental disorders wikipedia , lookup
Dissociative identity disorder wikipedia , lookup
Diagnosis of Asperger syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Externalizing disorders wikipedia , lookup
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders wikipedia , lookup
PowerPoint Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 3 Classification and Diagnosis Abnormal Psychology, Eighth Edition by Gerald C. Davison and John M. Neale Lecture notes created by Paul J. Wellman, Texas A&M University © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Ch 3 Diagnostic Systems • Diagnostic systems assume that abnormality can be detected and classified by clusters of symptoms and signs – Each cluster is thought to reflect a different disorder – Each cluster may require a different treatment © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Ch 3.1 DSM-IV Classification System • DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) is a revised diagnostic classification system created by the American Psychiatric Association • DSM-IV makes use of 5 distinct axes to classify a disorder • DSM-IV was designed to more accurately classify psychiatric disorder (relative to earlier DSM versions) © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Ch 3.2 Five Axes of DSM-IV AXIS DESCRIPTION I All categories except personality disorder and mental retardation II Personality disorders and mental retardation III General medical conditions IV Psychosocial and environmental problems V Current level of functioning © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Ch 3.3 Overview of DSM-IV Categories • Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence – Involve early emotional/intellectual disorder • Substance-related disorders – Ingestion of a drug impairs social/occupational functioning • Schizophrenia – Involves faulty contact with reality – May involve delusions (disordered thoughts) © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Ch 3.4a • Mood disorders – Involve large swings in emotional affect • Anxiety disorders – Involve some form of irrational or overblown fear • Somatoform disorders – Involve physical symptoms that have no known physiological cause • Dissociative disorders – Involve a sudden alteration of consciousness that affects memory and identity © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Ch 3.4b • Sexual/gender identity disorders – Involve dysfunction or discomfort with sexual function or identity • Sleep disorders – Involve disturbance in amount of sleep or events during sleep • Eating disorders – Involve under- or over-eating • Factitious disorder – Involved in persons who produce or complain of psychological symptoms (sick role) © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Ch 3.4c • Impulse control disorder – Involve several conditions in which a person’s behavior is inappropriate or out of control • Personality disorders – Involve enduring, inflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior and inner experience • Other conditions that may be the focus of clinical attention © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Ch 3.4d Classification Critiques • Classification systems do not always capture the uniqueness of a person • Classification systems may emphasize trivial similarities between abnormal conditions • Classification may result in a label that is harmful to the person © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Ch 3.5 Classification Issues • Categorical classification is when a system makes a yes/no decision as to the presence/absence of a disorder – Schizophrenic/not schizophrenic • Dimensional classification involves ranking of a person along a quantitative dimension – Dimensional can include a cutoff point that will yield a categorical classification © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Ch 3.6 Assessment Issues • Reliability refers to the extent to which a measurement system yields similar values with repeated measures of an object or entity – Interrater reliability examines the degree of agreement for two raters of the same object • Construct validity evaluates the extent to which accurate predictions can be made about a category once it has been formed © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Ch 3.7 Copyright Copyright 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the copyright owner. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e