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Basic Topics on
Mental Health
Trainer's
guide
Module One
Introduction
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Lesson 1: What is mental disorder
(3 training hours)
Lesson 2: Psychiatric evaluation
(2 training hours)
TOTAL TIME
(5 training HOURS)
Lesson 1
WHAT IS MENTAL DISORDER
TIME :
135 MINUTES (3 training hours of 45
minutes)
Step 1: Brainstorming (10΄)
which do you think that are, in general,
the human needs so that they have good
mental health?
Step 2: Group discussion(20΄)
Why persons with psychiatric problems
might have extra difficulties?
Step 3: theory presentation
(15΄)
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The term mental disorder comprise a variety of
problems that are connected to the mental
situation and the behavior of the person
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Various mental disorders are manifested through
a variety of symptoms, such as delusions,
sentimental instability, conduct disorders,
memory decline, etc.
Step 3 (continued)
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The mental disorder might be the result of a
physical illness or to be manifested through
physical symptomatology
A large group of mental disorders is psychosis in
which the patients loose in a degree the
conscience of reality and manifest symptoms like
delusions or aberrative ideas (hallucinations).
Such disorders are Schizophrenia and Bipolar
Disorder.
Step 3 (continued)
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Another group includes the disorders
related to anxiety (neurosis). This includes
the Anxiety Disorders, Phobias, Obsessive
– Compulsive Disorders etc
The conduct disorders comprise the
different situations where the personality
has implanted elements that make difficult
the adaptation and the social behavior of
the person
Step 3 (continued)
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Some mental disorders might be connected
with the damage of encephalic structure.
These are called Organic Mental
Disorders and an example is Dementia.
Alcohol and toxic agents abuse might also
cause mental disorders.
Step 3 (continued)
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The mental disorders can be separated to many
diagnostic categories. At diagnosis are used two
official Classification Systems that are
internationally recognized. One is “The
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, 4th Edition, known as DSM-IV, which
comes from the USA. The other is ICD – 10
“International Classification of Diseases”, 20th
edition of WHO (World Health Organisation),
Chapter 4: Mood (affective) disorders
Step 3 (continued)
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The use of classification Systems is additional to
the accurate diagnosis of mental disorders, to
educational purposes and to facilitate the
communication of the professionals in mental
health and in research. Especially with DSM- IV
apart from the categories of the diseases, it is
possible to evaluate important psychological and
social factors that influence a patient, as well as
its efficiency in total.
Step 4: Exercice (15΄)
leaflet 1.1:Causal Factors of Mental Disorders
Who do you think are in priority the most
important factors that cause mental disorders?
Step 5: discussion (10΄)
What are the treatment choices used for
treating mental disorders?
Step 6 : new ideas (15΄)
What is your opinion for:
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The rate of incidence of mental disorders?
The participation of men and women in these?
The social predisposition factors?
Step 6 (continued)
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The mental disorders can be manifested at in any
age (children, adults, elderly).
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A research in USA proved that about one third of
adults manifested a mental disorder within 12
months.
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About half the population presents a mental
disorder during its life.
Step 6 (continued)
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Some types of mental disorders are more
common than others.
Women in general manifest more often mental
disorders.
Social factors that predispose the manifestation of
mental disorders include situations such as
poverty, isolation, immigration, unemployment,
widowhood, divorce etc.
Step 7: Summary (5΄)

Which are the needs of the person that
should be satisfied in order to enjoy good
mental health.
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Why the persons with mental disorders
might have additional needs.
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Which are the mental disorders.
Step 7 (continued)
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Which factors contribute to their cause ?
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Which are the ways of treatment?
What is their rate of incidence and in which
categories of persons are more often.
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Step 8: Exercise (30΄)
Paper and pen
Think and write a problem or a difficulty you
or someone that you know had during
supporting persons with mental disorders.
Step 9: Conclusion (5΄)
In order to diagnose the needs of persons with
psychiatric disorders, you should know the
following :
 Why the persons with mental disorders need the
understanding of their biological, psychological
and social problems.
 How can these problems be manifested.
 What can professionals offer.
Step 10: questions and
comments (5΄)
Step 11: lesson’s evaluation
(5΄)
Lesson 2
PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION
TIME :
90 Minutes (2 instructive hours of 45
minutes)
Step 1: Introduction (10΄)
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When the patient is examined from a psychiatrist
or another professional in mental health, he
always does a psychiatric evaluation.
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This is usually done in the context of an interview
with the patient and eventually with a relative or a
person that knows him very well.
Step 1 (continued)
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Additional information are also collected
from an older medical report of the patient
(if it exists) or from members of the
personnel that know him
Furthermore there are some tests to be
done, where it is judged necessary, but the
main source of information is the
psychiatric interview.
Step 1 (continued)
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Even though the psychiatric interview has
to be done in a calm space without
interventions or disturbances, there are
unfortunately occasions that it is done in
noisy and crowded places, as for example
the Out-patients clinics of a hospital.
Step 1 (continued)

The interview constitutes a way of collecting
information through the appropriate questions
and observation. It is however a good way to
create a good relation with the patient, which is
therapeutic by itself.

The patient might also consider useful to ask
some questions and have information for his
problem.
Step 2: Slide projection(15΄)
Slide 1.2.1: what a psychiatric evaluation
includes
Psychiatric interview
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Personal data
Πηγή παραπομπής
Main disturbances and problems
Case – history of these problems
Development history
Family history
Medical report
Report of substances used
Examination of mental functions
Step 2 (continued)
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Psychological tests
Physical examination and lab tests
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Haematological tests
X-rays
Brain Electro Scan
Brain Section Scans
Step 3:Slide projection (20΄)
Slide 1.2.2: examination of mental functions
Appearance and behavior
 Clothing and appearance
 Posture and walking
 Physical characteristics
 Face expression
 Eye contact
 Gesture activity
 Mannerisms
Step 3 (continued)
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Talking : it can be examined by observing
the way that the patient talks
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Rhythm
Tone, Volume, Clearness
Disturbances
Step 3 (continued)
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emotional situation: Comprises the examination
of the mood that is related to how the patient
himself feels and the feeling that is the
manifestation to the outside of this mood. The
examination of the mood is done thanks to a
series of questions (for example “how is your
mood like lately?”), while the evaluation of the
feeling is done by observation.
 Mood
 Emotion (variety, intensity, mutability,
unsuitability)
Step 3 (continued)
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Thought: the evaluation of thinking is based on
what the patient says either by himself either
responding to questions.
 Coherence (flow of ideas, quality of
association of ideas)
 Content
 Distortions (aberrative ideas)
 Obsessional activities (compulsions, phobias,
hypochondriasis)
 Morbid activities (depressive aberrative
ideas)
 Suicide or homicide tendency
Step 3 (continued)
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Perception: It is related to the stimulus income
from the environment with the sensations of the
person. The perception whether it is examined
simply by observation whether with appropriate
questions (ex. “has ever happened to hear people
talking around you while other people could not
hear it?”
 Hallucinations
 Delusions
 Depersonalization, αποπραγματοποίηση
Step 3 (continued)
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Emotional situation and mental functions:
There are mainly used special questions for the
examination of these functions.
 Conscience and orientation
 Concentration
 Μνήμη (Άμεση, Πρόσφατη, Απώτερη)
Memory ()
 Απόθεμα γνώσης
 Αφαιρετική ικανότητα abstraction
 Κρίση judgment
 Εναισθησία
Step 4:slide projection (15΄)
Slide 1.2.3:psychological tests
 IQ test (WAIS-R IQ tests)
 Personality tests
 Προβλητικά τεστ (Rorschach, ΤΑΤ)
 Personality Inventory (MMPI, EPQ)
 Neuropsychological tests (Bender –Gestalt)
 Diagnostic tests (PSE, SADS, SCID)
 Psychiatric Rating Scales (BPRS, Hamilton
Rating Scale for Depression, Beck Depression
Inventory and Mini Mental State Examination)
Step 5:Group Discussion (20΄)
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What is the purpose of psychiatric
evaluation ?
Who is conducting it?
Step 6: Questions and comments
(5΄)
Step 7: lesson’s evaluation (5΄)