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Mrs. McWilliams 7th and 8th Grade Health Depressant Contains an intoxicating substance called ethyl alcohol or ethanol Produced by the fermentation process ◦ The anaerobic (no oxygen) conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast. The concentration of alcohol in a beverage is the proof value Proof value = 2X percentage alcohol. Example: 100 proof (whiskey) contains 50% alcohol 12 oz beer 5 oz wine Mixed drink with 1.5 oz of 80 proof liquor (40% alcohol) Current recommendations are: – 1 drink/day for women – 2 drinks/day for men 1/3 are abstainers 2/3 are drinkers – 1/3 are light drinkers – 1/3 are moderate/heavy drinkers 10% of the drinking population is considered heavy drinkers- they are responsible for 50% of all alcohol consumption in the US! Annual Sales of alcohol average out to roughly 2.3 gallons of absolute alcohol per person! 20% rapidly absorbed into bloodstream 75 % through upper part of the small intestine and the rest enters further along in the intestinal tract. Metabolism of alcohol is in the liver. 2-10% is not metabolized but is excreted through the sweat glands, lungs and kidneys. Strength of the beverage Number of drinks consumed Speed of consumption Presence of food in stomach Physical tolerance Percentage of alcohol in a measured amount of blood Measured from exhaled breath or blood sample Drinking alcohol impairs vision, reaction time, and coordination. DWI and DUI –leading cause of death among teens Signs of intoxication can begin to appear as low as 0.02 There is no acceptable BAC level for anyone under 21 Normal healthy liver Liver with cirrhosis Fetus is exposed to alcohol in a slower manner than an adult Damage results in mental retardation Other characteristics are low birth weight, facial abnormalities, widely spaced eyes, and a much smaller head Full expression rate: 1-3 out of 1000 births Partial expression rate: 3-9/100 births Regular daily intake of large amounts Regular heavy drinking limited to weekends Long periods of sobriety interspersed with periods of binge drinking lasting weeks or months Heavy drinking limited to periods of stress Alcohol Edition A major factor in traffic accidents, homicides, and suicides for 16 to 24 year olds is a. alcohol use b. smoking cigarettes c. affiliation with gangs d. psychological disorders a. Alcohol Use Teens often choose to drink because they think it a. b. c. d. Increases their self confidence sharpens perceptions enhances memory improves judgment a. Increases their self confidence When a person stumbles and has difficulty walking after consuming alcohol, he or she a. b. c. d. has withdrawal symptoms is intoxicated has alcohol poisoning has a nervous system disorder b. Is intoxicated True/ False Food in the stomach allows a person to drink heavily without becoming intoxicated. False A physical and psychological dependence on the drug ethanol is a. b. c. d. Addiction Alcohol Poisoning Intoxication Alcoholism d. Alcoholism True/ False The liver is responsible for breaking down alcohol. True A condition is which the liver tissue is destroyed and replaced with useless scar tissue is a. b. c. d. Fatty liver Arteriosclerosis Cirrhosis Fermentation c. Cirrhosis An inflammation or infection of the liver, sometimes caused by the toxic effects of alcohol is called a. b. c. d. Fatty liver Hepatitis Cirrhosis Fetal alcohol syndrome b. Hepatitis True/False Some binge drinkers mistakenly believe that they are not really in trouble with alcohol because they do not drink every day. True The chemical action of yeast on sugars is a. b. c. d. Delirium tremens Ethanol Fermentation Hydrolization c. Fermentation True/ False Short term effects of alcohol use on the body can include cirrhosis and brain damage. False True/False A serving of beer or wine contains less alcohol than a serving of whiskey. False The first stage of alcoholism is characterized by a. b. c. d. Malnutrition Defensive behavior Rationalization of drinking behavior Reverse alcohol tolerance c. Rationalization of drinking behavior In the United States, fetal alcohol syndrome is the leading cause of a. b. c. d. Sudden infant death syndrome Mental retardation Alcoholic hepatitis Stillbirth b. Mental retardation True/ False The kidneys oxidize alcohol to form water, carbon dioxide, and energy. False