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Transcript
Chemical Regulation Endocrine System Communication Endocrine System Regulation of the human body through chemical messengers called hormones to maintain homeostasis Homeostasis = stable internal environment Endocrine Regulation Stimulus is detected Impulse sent to brain (hypothalamus) Hypothalamus to pituitary Pituitary sends message to gland Gland releases a hormone Hormone does work New stimulus is detected ENDOCRINE GLANDS Pituitary = master gland (controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain) Pituitary Gland Releases hormone messengers (do not “do work”) TSH – thyroid stimulating hormone ACTH – stimulates adrenal glands FSH – stimulates the ovaries Oxytocin – labor contractions Calcitonin – Calcium metabolism ENDOCRINE GLANDS Thyroid Gland – in neck Releases Thyroxine which regulates metabolism Parathyroids – 4 tiny glands behind thyroid Releases Parahormone regulates Calcium in blood Adrenal Gland– on top of kidneys Releases Adrenaline which allows the body to respond appropriately in times of emergency or stress “Fight or Flight” Pancreas – glands located within the pancreas – Releases Insulin which regulates blood sugar levels Diabetes – caused by decreased amounts of insulin which leads to increase blood sugar coma death if not medicated GONADS – sex glands Ovaries Releases Estrogen – 2nd degree sex characteristics/ cycle Releases Progesterone – cycle and maintain pregnancy Testes Releases Testosterone – 2nd degree male characteristics and production of sperm Feedback Mechanisms A cycle in which the output “feeds back” to modify or reinforce the action of the system 2 types: (a)Positive feedback Change in the environment – increases the response Ex: uterine contractions during labor (a)Negative feedback most common Change in the environment creates a response message makes a change stops the response message Ex: regulate blood sugar Sensor detects high blood sugar Pancreas Negative secretes feedback shuts off insulin production insulin Blood sugar drops - Ex: increase exercise increased muscle activity increases HR and BP and resp. rate O2 to muscles Disease Disease = failure of homeostasis – the body fails to work as it should Causes of disease: 1) Pathogens – organisms (germs) that invade the body ex: virus, bacteria, fungi. And parasites (spread) – Lyme, cold 2) Uncontrolled cell division Cancer mass of abnormal cells called tumor 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Inherited ex: CF, Down’s Poor nutrition Toxins Organ malfunction High risk – skin/lung cancer