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Physical Science
Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy
Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer and Transformation
What is Energy?
Department of Mathematics and Science
Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy
Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer & Transformation
Benchmarks
SC.5.P.10.1 - Investigate and describe some basic forms of energy, including light, heat,
sound, electrical, chemical, and mechanical.
Also Assesses:
SC.5.P.10.2 - Investigate and explain that energy has the ability to cause motion or
create change.
• SC.4.P.10.3 - Investigate and explain that sound is produced by vibrating objects
and that pitch depends on how fast or slow the object vibrates.
• SC.4.P.10.4 - Describe how moving water and air are sources of energy and can be
used to move things.
• SC.3.P.10.3 - Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an
object or travels from one medium to another.
• SC.3.P.10.4 - Demonstrate that light can be reflected, refracted, and absorbed.
• SC.3.P.11.1 - Investigate, observe, and explain that things that give off light often
also give off heat.
• SC.3.P.11.2 - Investigate, observe, and explain that heat is produced when one
object rubs against another, such as rubbing one's hands together.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy
Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer &
Transformation Benchmarks
SC.5.P.10.4 - Investigate and explain that electrical energy can be transformed
into heat, light, and sound energy, as well as the energy of motion. Also
Assesses:
• SC.3.E.6.1 - Demonstrate that radiant energy from the sun can heat
objects and when the sun is not present, heat may be lost.
• SC.4.P.11.1 - Recognize that heat flows from a hot object to a cold object
and that heat flow may cause materials to change temperature.
• SC.4.P.11.2 - Identify common materials that conduct heat well or poorly.
Department of Mathematics and Science
What is Energy?
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Energy is the ability to do work.
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Energy is the ability to cause a change.
Energy can change an object’s:
motion
shape
temperature
color
4
Department of Mathematics and Science
Energy is all around us!
– You can hear energy as sound
when someone talks.
– You can see mechanical energy every time you
move.
– You can see energy as light from the sun or a
lamp.
– You can feel it as heat warms things up.
Discovery Fundamentals:
Energy Makes it Happen
Department of Mathematics and Science
What are the Forms of Energy?
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Electrical
Light
Sound
Chemical
Heat/Thermal
Mechanical
kinetic
potential
http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy/
Department of Mathematics and Science
Kinetic Energy
Energy due to motion.
• Types of kinetic energy
• Kinetic energy can change into other forms of
energy.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Potential Energy
Stored energy that could cause change in the
future.
Potential energy is stored energy--energy ready to
go. A lawn mower filled with gasoline, a car on
top of a hill, and students waiting to go home
from school are all examples of potential energy.
Types of potential energy
• gravitational
• compressed spring
• chemical
• magnetic
Department of Mathematics and Science
Mechanical Energy
• Mechanical energy is the energy that is possessed
by an object due to its motion or due to its
position. Mechanical energy can be either kinetic
energy (energy of motion) or potential energy
(stored energy of position)
• All energy can be in one of two states: potential
energy or kinetic energy.
The amount of mechanical energy depends on the
object’s speed and mass.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Chemical Energy
• Chemical energy is made when substances react and
form new substances.
• Food, batteries, and fuels such as oil and gasoline
are stored chemical energy.
• Chemical energy can change to:
sound
light
thermal
electrical
kinetic
Department of Mathematics and Science
What is Sound?
https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp
• Sound is a form of energy produced by a
vibration or a back and forth movement of an
object.
• Sound is a wave of vibrations that spread from
its source of its matter.
• The more vibrations the waves have, the more
energy, the louder the sound.
• The faster the vibrations or the frequency, the
higher the sound.
• How high or low a sound is called the pitch.
Department of Mathematics and Science
What is light?
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Light is something that allows us to see
objects.
Light is a form of energy.
Light is produced by the vibrations of
electrically charged particles.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Properties of Light
• Light travels in a straight path.
• Light doesn’t travel through all objects.
These are defined as opaque.
• Light can be absorbed and changed to heat.
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Properties of Light Continued
• Light bounces off or is reflected from some
kinds of opaque objects.
• Some objects let all light pass through them
are known as:
transparent
• Some objects let some light pass through
them are known as:
translucent
Department of Mathematics and Science
Bending Light Lab
Write down responses on your note page.
• Problem: What does light do when it travels
from one medium or state of matter (air) through
another medium (water)?
• Hypothesis:
• Test and Observe: Follow steps from the lab
sheet.
• Conclusion:
Department of Mathematics and Science
Light Changes Direction
• Light bends or refracts as it passes from one
medium (form of matter: solid, liquid or gas)
to another.
• Refraction of Light Virtual Tutorial
Department of Mathematics and Science
What is Thermal Energy?
• Thermal energy is the total of all the kinetic
and potential energy of the atoms in an object.
• When any form of matter gets warmer, the
kinetic energy of its atoms increases.
• The object’s particles move faster, so its thermal energy
increases.
• A change in thermal energy can lead to a change in phase or
state of matter.
• Temperature is a measure of thermal energy.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Forms of Energy
Energy Forms
• Heat/thermal
• Electrical
• Chemical
• Mechanical:
potential
kinetic
• Light /Radiant
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What Happens?
Objects warm. Food cooks.
Lights on. / Machines run.
Organisms move and grow.
Flashlights light up.
• Sled sits on top of a hill.
• Sled slides down the hill.
• Plants grow. / Lasers cut.
Department of Mathematics and Science
What is the Transformation of Energy?
Energy can change and move from one object
to another.
chemical >
electrical
>
light
Where does the energy of a lit light bulb transfer to
after the flashlight has been on for a while?
Heat energy transfers into the air.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Forms of Energy Stationstaions
Identify and record the different forms of energy
in your science notebook as you rotate
throughout the various stations.
Reflections:
• Describe what you learned in the energy
stations.
• What was interesting?
• What do you want to learn more about?
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What are some transfers and/or transformations
of energy that are taking place in our classroom,
in our school or at home?
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Transformation of Energy
A.
B.
A.
B.
C.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Energy Transformation
How is energy changing when a toaster is in use?
A toaster uses electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy.
Department of Mathematics and Science
Energy Interactive Online Resources
Energy and the Environment:
http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy
Science for Kids: Sound and Hearing
http://acswebcontent.acs.org/scienceforkids/index.html#Sound
Department of Mathematics and Science
Online Energy Videos and More
 The Energy Story:
http://energyquest.ca.gov/story/index.html
 Mechanical Energy (animation)
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=2768797e-a7a0-45f5-b7a4812cd3422f7d&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=DETB
&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=
• Energy http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/energy/section_1/topics/index.htm
• Kids and Energy http://www.kids.esdb.bg/index.html
Department of Mathematics and Science
Discovery Resources
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Fundamental: Energy Makes it Happen
Exploration: Forms of Energy
E-book: Forms of Energy
Video: Sources of Energy
Video: What is light?
Department of Mathematics and Science