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Transcript
Energy and Its Forms 15.1 Energy and Work Work is done when a force moves an object through a distance. Energy is the ability to do work. Energy is transferred by a force moving an object through a distance. Work is a transfer of energy. Energy Many forms of energy can be classified into two general types: Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Kinetic Energy The energy of motion is called kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of any moving object depends upon its mass and speed. Kinetic Energy (KE) = ½ mv2 Example A 0.10kg bird is flying at a constant speed of 8.0 m/s. What is the bird’s kinetic energy? KE = ½ mv2 Potential Energy Potential energy is energy that is stored as a result of position or shape. Two forms of potential energy are: Gravitational potential energy Elastic potential energy Gravitational Potential Energy Potential energy that depends upon an object’s height is called gravitational potential energy. An object’s gravitational potential energy depends on its mass, its height, and the acceleration due to gravity. Potential Energy (PE) = mgh Practice A diver at the top of a 10.0 m high diving platform has a mass of 50.0 kilograms. What is her potential energy? PE = mgh Elastic Potential Energy The potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed is known as elastic potential energy. EX: springs, guitar strings, bike shocks Forms of Energy The major forms of energy are mechanical energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, electrical energy, electromagnetic energy, and nuclear energy. Mechanical Energy The energy associated with the motion and position of everyday objects is mechanical energy. Not limited to machines. Mechanical energy is the sum of an object’s PE and KE.
