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The nervous pathway SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu 一、 Sensory Pathways 1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs 1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs Primary Neuron Cell bodies are located in the ganglion of spinal n. transmit sensory input from joint, muscle, tendon to the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord form the Fasciculus cuneatus and Fasciculus gracilis 1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs Secondary Neuron Cell bodies are located in Nucleus gracilis and Nucleus cuneatus Send out fibers Cross to the opposite by decussation of medial lemniscus Ascends as medial lemniscus Third Neuron cell bodis are located in the thalamus send out fibers to form central thalamic radiation project to the somatic sensory cortex VPL nucleus III Medial lemniscus Nucleus gracilis Nucleus cuneatus central thalamic radiations Decussation of medial lemniscus II Spinal ganglion I Fasciculus cuneatus Fasciculus gracilis 1. proprioceptive and fine touch pathway of trunk and limbs muscles,tendon s,joints and periosteum Receptor for fine touch in skin Spinal ganglion Central processes Peripheral processes I ipsilateral posterior funiculus of spinal cord Gracile nucleus Fasciculus gracilis cuneate nucleusDecussation of (below T5) medial lemniscus Fasciculus cuneatus II (above T4) ventral posterolateral central thalamic nucleus (VPL) radiations Posterior limb of III internal capsule medial lemniscus supeior 2/3 of postcentral gyrus and posterior part of the paracentral lobule, Precentral gyrus Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs ventral posterolateral nucleus III Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn II spinal ganglia I central thalamic radiations Spinal lemniscus spinothalamic tract Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs Primary Neuron • Cell bodies are located in the ganglion of spinal n. • Relay sensory input from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord • Synapses with the secondary neurons in the posterior horn of spinal cord Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs Secondary Neuron located in the Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn of spinal cord Send out fibers cross to the opposite side through the anterior white commissures and form the spinothalamic tract Third Neuron the third neurons located in the thalamus send out fibers to form central thalamic radiation project to the somatic sensory cortex Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of trunk and limbs Spinal ganglion Skin exteroceptor Central processes Peripheral processes Posterior root I Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn Ascending 1 - 2 segments II lateral spinothalamic tract (pain and temperature) anterior spinothalamic tract (simple touch) ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) central thalamic radiations III Posterior limb of internal capsule supeior 2/3 of posterior gyrus and posterior part of the paracentral lobule Pain, temperature and simple touch pathway of head and face ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) III pontine nucleus of trigeminal n II central thalamic radiations trigeminal ganglion I trigeminal lemniscus Spinal tract of trigeminal n. spinal nucleus of trigeminal n. Pain,temperature and simple touch pathway of head and face trigeminal ganglion Skin and mucosa of head and face pontine nucleus of trigeminal n. Central processes Trigeminal n. Peripheral processes I Root of trigeminal n. ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) trigeminal lemniscus II spinal nucleus of trigeminal n. central thalamic radiations Posterior limb of internal capsule III inferior 1/3 of posterior gyrus receptor Spinal ganglion cortex of paleocerebellum (三)visual pathway (三)visual pathway receptor bipolar cell ganglion cell Optic n. cone cell rod cell Optic chiasma Lateral geniculate body Decussation of fibers from nasal halves of retina Optic tract Fibers from temporal halves of retina uncrossed Optic Radiation Both banks of calcarine sulcus ① Blindness of eye of corresponding side ② bitemporal hemianopia of visual field ③ Blindness in nasal half of visual field of corresponding side ④ Homonymous hemianopia of visual field in both eye 2. pupillary reflexes retina Optic n. Contraction of pupil Sphincter pupillae Optic chiasma Ciliary ganglion Postganglionic fibers Oculumotot n. Optic tract Ciliary ganglion Brachium of superior colliculus Pretectal region E-W nucleus Oculumotot n. accessory nuclei of III Pretectal region 2. pupillary reflexes The acoustic(auditory) pathway medial geniculate body acoustic radiation inferior colliculus cochlear nuclei Spiral organ cochlear ganglion The acoustic(auditory) pathway cochlear nuclei cochlear ganglion Trapezoid body Spiral organ Cochlear nerve inferior colliculus Lateral lemniscus medial geniculate body acoustic radiation Brachium of inferior colliculus Posterior limb of internal capsule transverse temporal gyri VPL nucleus III Medial lemniscus Nucleus gracilis Nucleus cuneatus central thalamic radiations Decussation of medial lemniscus II Spinal ganglion Fasciculus cuneatus I Fasciculus gracilis ventral posterolateral nucleus III Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ of posterior horn II spinal ganglia I central thalamic radiations Spinal lemniscus spinothalamic tract