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Limb Bones BY : na3im Two Widely Used Schemes for Memorization of Anatomical Data: •Repetition: experiments on both students and rats show that the timing is very important. •Repetitions should be minutes to hours apart (not days to weeks). •The Hand Test and Foot Test are examples that can be used for repetitive learning •Mnemonics: memorize something easy, such as a simple catchy phrase, then associate it with the items that you want to memorize. •Favorite method of medical students. •Mnemonics for memorizing carpal & tarsal bones are given in this presentation Upper Limb Humerus: Anterior Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Humerus Deltoid tuberosity Lateral epicondyle Capitulum Radius Click R Button for Slideshow Clavicle Acromion process Coracoid process Scapula Glenoid fossa Coronoid fossa Medial epicondyle Trochlea Ulna Humerus: Anterior2 Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Humerus Deltoid tuberosity Lateral epicondyle Capitulum Radius Click R Button for Slideshow Clavicle Acromion process Coracoid process Scapula Glenoid fossa Coronoid fossa Medial epicondyle Trochlea Ulna Humerus: Posterior Acromion of scapula Spine of scapula Scapula Glenoid fossa of scapula Head of humerus Greater tubercle of humerus Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Humerus Medial epicondyle of humerus Lateral epicondyle of humerus Olecranon process of ulna Ulna For Slideshow Click R Button Radius Right Arm, Posterior Humerus: Posterior2 Acromion of scapula Spine of scapula Scapula Glenoid fossa of scapula Head of humerus Greater tubercle of humerus Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Humerus Medial epicondyle of humerus Lateral epicondyle of humerus Olecranon process of ulna Ulna Radius Right Arm, Posterior Coronoid fossa of humerus Forearm: Anterior Humerus Lateral epicondyle of humerus Medial epicondyle of humerus Capitulum of humerus Trochlea of humerus Head of radius Radial tuberosity Radius Styloid process of ulna Click R Button for Slideshow Coronoid process of ulna Ulna Styloid process of radius Right Arm, Anterior, Pronated Coronoid fossa of humerus Forearm: Anterior2 Humerus Lateral epicondyle of humerus Medial epicondyle of humerus Capitulum of humerus Trochlea of humerus Head of radius Radial tuberosity Radius Styloid process of ulna Click R Button for Slideshow Coronoid process of ulna Ulna Styloid process of radius Right Arm, Anterior, Pronated She Likes To Play Scaphoid Lunate In the moonlight A boat Triquetrum The third T Bone Mnemonic for Learning Carpals Pisiform Pea-shaped Hamate A hambone With a hook Trapezium: “It’s by the thumb” Capitate Trapezoid “Is by its side” Click R Button for Slideshow Try To Catch Her Right Palm Hand Quiz B C D E A F G K J H Answers: Next Slide; for Drill Click Back & Forth Right Palm Hand Quiz Answers B. Metacarpals A. Phalanges C. Trapezium D. Scaphoid E. Lunate F. Triquetrum G. Pisiform H. Hamate J. Capitate K. Trapezoid Right Palm Lower Limb Femur: Posterior Pelvis Head of femur Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Femur Linea aspera Medial condyle Tibia For Slideshow Click R Button Lateral condyle Fibula Right, Posterior View Femur: Posterior2 Pelvis Head of femur Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Femur Linea aspera Medial condyle Tibia Lateral condyle Fibula Right, Posterior View Lower Leg Femur Lateral condyle of femur Knee cap Medial condyle of femur Medial condyle of tibia Lateral condyle of tibia Tibial tuberosity Fibula Tibia Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus Talus (tarsal bone) Click R Button for Slideshow Right Leg, Anterior View Lower Leg2 Femur Lateral condyle of femur Knee cap Medial condyle of femur Medial condyle of tibia Lateral condyle of tibia Tibial tuberosity Fibula Tibia Lateral malleolus Medial malleolus Talus (tarsal bone) Right Leg, Anterior View Mnemonic for Learning Tarsal Bones: Tiger Cubs Talus Need MILC Navicular Medial A boat It sails on the Cs cuneiform (1) Intermediate cuneiform (2) Lateral Calcaneus Click R Button for Slideshow cuneiform (3) Cuboid Foot Quiz H G J F E A C D Answers: Next Slide; for Drill Click Back & Forth B Right, Superior View G. Medial Cuneiform (1) H. Intermediate Cuneiform (2) J. Lateral Cuneiform (3) F. Navicular E. Talus A. Phalanges C. Cuboid D. Calcaneus Foot Quiz Answers B. Metatarsals Right, Superior View Want to Make Your Own Powerpoints for Studying Anatomy? You need: •A computer with the Powerpoint program •A source of anatomy drawings, preferably copyright free ones •A source of medical mnemonics Anatomical Drawings Copyright Free Anatomical Drawings: •Online: •Gray’s Anatomy, 1918: 1250 free drawings with descriptions. Excellent quality, but heavily labeled. http://www.bartleby.com/107/ •Carl Bock. Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. 1841. Put on the web by Ronald A. Bergman http://www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/index.shtml Great drawings; fewer labels than Gray’s. •Old Books (UC Berkeley Biosciences Library: (Xerox, then scan): •Cull, P., Ed. (1989). The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration. Park Ridge, NJ, Parthenon. Simple line drawings. Copyright free. •Toldt, C. (1907). Anatomischer Atlas fur Studierende und Arzte. Berlin, Urban & Schwarzenberg. •The Limb Bones Powerpoint uses line drawings from Cull. •This disc has examples of drawings from Gray’s & Bock (skull & pelvis) •Make your own photographs & drawings using our models Medical Mnemonics Some are in books like this: •Goldberg, S. (1984). Clinical Anatomy Made Ridiculously Simple. Miami, FL, MedMaster. There are many more on the Internet. The best site that I have seen is Medical Mnemonics: •http://www.medicalmnemonics.com Finally, you might try making up your own