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Homeostasis Staying (stasis) the Same (homeo) Warm up Mar. 7 • What is something we study in anatomy? • Why should you study how the body works? • What are two organs found in the body? Vocab. • • • • • • • Homeostasis Anatomical Position Supine Prone Sagittal Plane Transverse Plane Coronal Plane • Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment within an organism. – Body temperature stays around 98.6o no matter what the surrounding temperature – Helps make sure you are healthy Language of Anatomy Anatomical Position • • • • Body is standing erect Face forward Arms at the sides Toes and palms of hands directed forward • Necessary to discuss relative position of one body part to another Positions When Lying Down Supine – face up; on your back Prone – face down; on your stomach Body Planes Used to “cut” the body into smaller segments for study Sagittal Plane • Lengthwise plane, running from front to back • Divides the body into right and left portions • If the cut is exactly in the middle of the body, the division is a midsagittal plane. Coronal Plane • Lengthwise plane, running from side to side • Divides the body or its parts into anterior and posterior (front & back) • Also known as a “Frontal Plane” Transverse Plane • A horizontal or crosswise plane • Divides the body or its parts into upper and lower portions Essential Questions • • • What are the three planes of the body? What does it mean if the body is in homeostasis? Describe Anatomical position. Vocabulary • • • • Superior Inferior Anterior/Ventral Posterior/Dorsal Medial Lateral Proximal Distal Directional Terms • Used to describe the relative position of one body part to another body part Superior/Inferior • Superior means “toward the head”; upper or above • Inferior means “toward the feet”; lower or below • Determined by a transverse plane • Example: the lungs are located superior to the diaphragm, while the stomach is located inferior to it Anterior/Posterior • Anterior means “front” or “in front of” • Posterior means “back” or “in back of” • In humans, ventral (toward the belly) can be used instead of anterior, and dorsal (toward the back) can be used instead of posterior • Determined by coronal or frontal plane • Example: the nose is on the anterior surface while the shoulder blades are on the posterior surface Medial/Lateral • Medial means “toward the midline of the body” • Lateral means “toward the side of the body or away from its midline) • Determined by a sagittal plane • Example: the big toe is on the medial side of the foot while the little toe is on the lateral side; the heart is medial to the lungs Proximal/Distal • Proximal means “toward or nearest the trunk of the body” or “nearest the point of origin of one of its parts” • Distal means “away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part” • Determined by a sagittal plane • Example: The elbow is proximal to the hand; the hand is at the arm’s distal end Superficial/Deep • Superficial means nearer the surface • Deep means farther away from the body surface • Examples: – An abrasion is a superficial injury – A shark bite is a deep injury