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Appendicular Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton • Your appendicular skeleton includes all of the bones and joints that make up your appendages • This includes the shoulder girdles and pelvic girdles Shoulder Girdle • Your shoulder girdle consists of two bones • Clavicle • Scapula Scapula • You have both a right and left scapula • It connects to two bones • • Humerus • Clavicle The scapula is sometimes called the “shoulder blade” Clavicle • Your clavicle is a small bone that connects to two bones • Sternum • Scapula • Your clavicle is sometimes called your “collar bone” • It is fragile. It only takes approximately 8 pounds Arm bones • There are three bones that make up the bones of your arm • The humerus • The radius • The ulna Humerus • The humerus is the bone in your upper arm • It connects to three bones • The radius • The ulna • The scapula • You get the term “funny bone” from your humerus. The Radius • The radius is one of two bones of your lower arm • In anatomical position it is the bone on your “thumb side” of your arm • It gets its name because it has a circular head. Think about the radius of a circle when remembering which one is which. The Ulna • The ulna is the other bone in your lower arm • It is responsible for creating a majority of the joint of your elbow • It is on the pinky side of your arm in anatomical position. The Hands • Your hands are made up of 27 bones. • You have 14 phalanges • You have 5 metacarpals • you have 8 carpal bones Phalanges • The phalanges make up the “finger bones” of your hand • Each finger has three phalanges except for the thumb which has only two. Metacarpals • Your metacarpals are the bones of your hand that are long bones • You have one for each finger Carpals • You have carpal bones which make up the bones of your wrist • These 8 bones are bound by ligaments to restrict their movement Pelvic Girdle • Your legs attach to your thorax via the pelvic girdle • The pelvic girdle is made up of a left and right os coxae. Os Coxae • Each os coxae is made up of three bones that are fused together in early development • The Ischium • The Ilium • The Pubis The ischium • The ischium is the curved bone that forms the obturator foramen of the os coxae • It connects to both the ilium and pubis at the acetabulum Ilium • The ilium is the large fan like bone that forms the “hip” portion of the os coxae • The width from one iliac crest to the other is called the false pelvis • The true pelvis is near the pelvic outlet Pubis • The pubis is the anterior connection point of the left and right os coxae • It is the smallest of the 3 bones that make up the os coxae. Male and Female differences in ossa Coxae • The female inlet is large and more circular • The female bones are usually lighter and thinner • The angle of the pubic arch is usually greater than 90 degrees Legs • Like your arms your legs are made up of three bones • One bone makes up the upper leg • Two bones make up the lower leg Femur • The femur is the largest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the entire body • It has a large ball head the connects to the acetabulum of the ossa coxae Fibula and Tibia • You have two bones that make up the lower legs • The fibula -- skinner and on the lateral side in anatomical position • The tibia -- bigger and bulkier than the fibula. Located medially to the fibula. • Only the tibia connects to the femur and patella Feet • Your feet are composed of 26 bones • We break the feet up into 3 sections similar to our hands • Phalanges • Metatarsals • Tarsals Phalanges • Just like in your hands you have 14 phalanges • The consist of a proximal, medial, and distal phalange • Your “big toe” is constructed similarly to your thumb and does not have a medial phalange Metatarsals • Just like in your hands you have 5 metatarsals • Each one corresponds to a set of phalanges Tarsals • In your feet you have 7 tarsal bones • The two biggest are the talus and calcaneus • The talus connects your feet to your tibia and fibula • Your calcaneus is your “heel” Patella • Your “knee cap” is a singular bone • It connects to the femur, and tibia