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Geomagnetic storm wikipedia , lookup
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Solar System edplace.com Solar Family • The Earth is part of a solar system. – – – – 1 star – the Sun 8 planets Dwarf planets Smaller objects • The Sun, Moon, and five planets were known before the telescope. • There are over 400,000 known objects today. Orbital Map • Kepler’s laws set the relative sizes of the orbits from the period. – Transit of Venus for scale – Now precision radar • The Earth is part of the inner solar system. – Mercury 88 day period – Mars 687 day period Outer Reaches • Most objects are in the outer solar system. • The solar system is 100’s of times larger than Earth’s orbit. – Jupiter 12 year period (5.2 AU) – Eris 560 year period (98 AU) Size • Planet size is determined by measuring the angular width. – Compare to distance – Mass from gravity on other objects • Planets are small compared to the Sun. • Earth 1/100 Sun • Jupiter 1/10 Sun Terrestrial • Planets in the inner solar system have a lot in common with Earth. – Rocks and iron – Solid surface – Atmosphere • Terrestrial comes from the Latin word for Earth. • There are major differences among terrestrial planets. – – – – Different atmospheres Cratered surfaces Rotation rates Magnetic fields Jovian • Planets in the outer solar system have a lot in common with Jupiter. • Jovian is from another Roman word for Jupiter. • Jovian planets have major differences with terrestrials. – – – – – – Large mass Large size Mostly gas, no surface Low density Fast rotation Many moons Interplanetary Debris • The remainder of the solar system is made up of small bodies. – Different types: rocky, icy • The sizes range from dust to dwarf planets. NASA