Download 8.1_Formation of the Universe

Astronomy Day 1
Warm Up!
(On your paper from yesterday!)
1. Name as many planets as you can in
order (closest to farthest from the sun).
2. Do you know any acronyms for
remembering the order of the planets?
3. What makes life possible on Earth?
4. How does the Sun produce energy?
• Objective
– SWBAT explain the Earth’s motion through
space including precession, nutation, and
barycenter and its path about the galaxy.
• LEQ
– How does the earth move through space by
precession, nutation, and barycenter?
*Write the topic, objective, and LEQ on page on
of your notes!*
Agenda
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Warm Up
Organizing our spiral notebook
Kepler 22b Article/Video Clip
Intro to Planets
Hierarchy of Universe: Venn Diagram
Compare/Contrast Jovian & Terrestrial
Exit Ticket
Getting Organized
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Title Page
Syllabus
Science GEMS of Wisdom
Table of Contents (5 pages)
Table of Contents
Left Side Items
Page
Right Side Items
Page
Kepler 22B Article
0
Universe & Solar
System
1
Planets T-Chart
0
Hierarchy of
Universe Venn
Diagram
0
Science GEMS of Wisdom
Page
Avid Strategy
0
Kepler 22B
Article
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Planets TChart
0
Hierarchy of
Universe Venn
Diagram
W
I
C
O
R
Article: New Planet!?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDykhz
VT15w *YouTube
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http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-new-earth-nasa-finds-planet-outside-solar-system-at-comfy-72-degreeswith-sunlike-star/2011/12/05/gIQA3Z0fWO_story.html?tid=pm_national_pop
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html
Questions for Article
(Answer these in complete sentences on page 0- left hand side of
notebook)
1. What is so incredible about the Kepler22b finding?
2. What evidence suggests that there is life
on this planet?
3. What evidence does not support the
theory that there is life on this planet?
4. What is your reaction to this article?
Our Galaxy- Milky Way
Sooo… How’d it happen?
Directions for Cornell Notes
• You only need to write the information in
YELLOW
• Please write your notes in your spiral
notebook Cornell Style
The Beginning…
• How did the universe form?
– Big Bang Theory- 14 Billion years ago an
explosion started our universe.
How did the
planets and
sun form?
Nebula-cloud of dust & gas in space
Nebular Theory-the sun and planets
formed from a rotating disk of dust
and gases.
Hierarchy of Organization within
the Universe
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRujB
HoV8Jc
Hierarchy of Organization
• On page 0 (left-hand side), create a Venn diagram which
displays the hierarchy of organization of the following
vocabulary terms (left-side item):
– Universe, planet, star, galaxy, milky way, solar system
____________
____________
____________
___________
Our Solar System
How to remember the order…
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My = Mercury
Very = Venus
Educated = Earth
Mother = Mars
Just = Jupiter
Sold = Saturn
Us = Uranus
Nine = Neptune
Pizzas = Pluto (*Not a planet anymore)
Size Comparison
• Sun = 99.85% of our solar system’s mass
• The planets = 0.15%
What guides the planets as they
orbit?
• Sun’s gravitational force
Do you know•1.3 million earths
can fit inside
•870,000 miles
wide
•93 million miles
away from earth
•8 ½ minutes for
light to reach earth
•Guess how hot?
10,000 million
degrees
What is a barycenter?
• Center of mass where two or more bodies
orbit each other
– Example: barycenter between the moon and
Earth
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGBAN
gbRkws
How does our sun produce
energy?
• Nuclear Fusion
• Produces the energy of stars
• Fusing two or more smaller atoms into
a large one (hydrogen into helium)
• Occurs inside the core
The sun is a main-sequence
star, and generates its energy
by nuclear fusion of hydrogen
nuclei into helium. In its core,
the Sun fuses 620 million
metric tons of hydrogen each
second.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pusKlK1
L5To
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ux335k8cjg
The power of the Sun…
• The Sun gives us heat,
light, our food, and the air
that we breathe. It powers
the atmosphere to give us
the winds and rain. Even
the coal and oil that
generate electricity for
light and power come
from plants and animals
that lived hundreds of
millions of years ago and
depended on the Sun for
life.
We Aren’t as Big as We Think.
Terrestrial & Jovian Planets
• Terrestrial Planets (Earth-like) – small and
rocky
– Mercury, Venus, Earth, & Mars
• Jovian Planets – huge has giants
– Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune
• *Pluto does not fit well into either category*
Compare & Contrast
• Use your textbook (reading, tables, &
figures on pgs. 645-647) to create a chart
comparing Terrestrial & Jovian Planets
• You have 10 minutes to work quietly in
your desk
• When I give you permission, you may
talk to your elbow partner!
Compare & Contrast (pg. 645)
Terrestrial
Planets
Jovian Planets
• Factors to consider:
– Distance between
planets
– Size of diameter
– Density
– Speed of Rotation
– Atmosphere
– Composition (what are
these planets made of)
Compare & Contrast
Terrestrial Planets
Jovian Planets
Orbits are close together
Orbits are far apart
Smaller diameter
Larger diameter
More dense
Less dense
Rotate slower
Rotate faster
Thin or no atmosphere
Thick atmosphere
Composed mostly of rocky & metallic
substances, with few gases & ices
Mostly made of gases and ices, but with
rocky and metallic materials in their cores
What is Nutation?
• Nutation: a small irregularity in the
precession of the equinoxes
Precession
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qHjtp
4cdCA
• Precession: slow, top-like wobbling of the
spinning Earth.
• What is the tilt of the earth?
• What does "oblate" mean? Why does this affect precession?
• When he changes the weight, what happens to the rod on the steel
sphere?
• THINK ABOUT IT CHALLENGE QUESTION: What does this mean
for explorers who use the North Star as a means of navigation?
Precession vs. Nutation
• Precession is the slight adjustment in how
we rotate due to an imbalance in our
rotation.
• Nutation is HOW FAR OUT we wobble
with precession.
• Imagine a top spinning like in the video-precession would be the angle at which
we wobble, nutation is how far out each
wobble goes!
Milky Way Size Scale
• Index Card
– Front: Write the name of your planet and draw
a picture.
– Back: Use your text page 645
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Distance from sun
Period of revolution
Orbital velocity
Period of rotation
Diameter
Relative Mass
Average Density
Planet Project
• Work with elbow partner and choose one
planet.
• You may use or textbook, Internet, & any
additional resources
• Your projects must include a drawing of
your planet and the following information
in a 2-paragraph (4-5 sent.) write-up:
– Planetary data (chart on pg. 645), location in
solar system, type of planet (Terrestrial or
Jovian), unique characteristics, surface
features, surface temperature, moons, rings
Planet Projects
• Presenters: practice/follow speaker
expectations
• Listeners: practice/follow listener
expectations: Be respectful listeners (you
are not talking when others are
presenting)
• After groups have finished speaking, raise
your hand if you have questions and wait
to be called on
Getting organized!!
• Work with your elbow partner to write a
summary at the bottom of your cornell
notes (hint: your summary will answer the
LEQ!!)
• Chunk your notes into 3 categories
(whatever makes sense to you!!)
• Draw at least 1 picture for each category!
• Write cornell questions
• Use at least three colors on your notes
Exit Ticket
1. What body makes up 99.85% of our solar
system?
2. What planets are considered Terrestrial,
and what are their 2 defining
characteristics?
3. What planets are considered Jovian, and
what are their 2 defining characteristics?
4. How did distance from the sun affect the
size and composition of the planets?