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Unit 7 Our Solar System Planets *Inner Planets vs. Outer Planets Dwarf Planets Smaller Solar System Bodies Planets • Vocab Words for “Planets”… – Planet – Terrestrial Planet – Gas Giant Planets A planet is an object that…. 1) Orbits the sun 2) Has sufficient mass for its gravity to overcome rigid body forces to maintain equilibrium (or a nearly round shape) 3) Clears out the neighborhood of its orbit Planets • The 8 Planets in our Solar System are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Planets Planets Planets • Mercury – Closest planet to the sun! – Full of craters – Smallest Planet Planets • Venus – 2nd Planet from the sun! – Earth’s twin • Similar surface features, but too hot for water – Very large atmosphere and Greenhouse effect – Very, Very Hot Planets • Earth – 3rd Planet from the Sun! – Only planet with liquid water, so only planet with known life. Planets • Mars – 4th Planet from the Sun! – Ice covered North pole • This is where they search for life! – Surface similar to Earth, but has a thin atmosphere • This is why we haven’t found life there! – The Red Planet – 2 Moons • Phobos & Deimos Planets • Jupiter – – – – 5th Planet from the Sun! Most moons in the Solar System Largest Planet! Has the Great Red Spot • A large atmospheric storm Planets • Saturn – 6th Planet from the Sun! – Has 2nd largest moon in the Solar System • Titan – Most rings • In between ring sets is the Cassini Division Planets • Uranus – 7th Planet from the Sun! – Blue-Green Planet • Methane consistency – Rotates almost on its side! Planets • Neptune – 8th Planet from the Sun! – Also orbits on it side, but not as extreme as Uranus – Has the Great Dark Spot • Similar to Great Red Spot on Jupiter – Blue Planet • Again, there is a methane in its atmosphere Planets • Inner Planets are called Terrestrial Planets – – • Outer Planets are called Gas Giants – – • Terrestrial Planets are the smaller, solid, inner planets in our Solar System They are Mercury, Venus, Earth & Mars Gas Giants are the larger, gaseous, outer planets in our Solar System They are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus & Neptune The Asteroid Belt separates them! Planets Characteristics of Terrestrial Planets vs. Gas Giants Terrestrial Planet *Inner Planets Gas Giants *Outer Planets Smaller in Size Larger in Size Closer together Spread apart Less moons More moons No rings Rings around all planets Solid Gas Planets • Moons of the Solar System – There are 163 total known moons that orbit planets in our Solar System • • • • • • • Mercury & Venus have no moons orbiting them 1 orbits Earth 2 orbit Mars 63 orbit Jupiter 57 orbit Saturn 27 orbit Uranus 13 orbit Neptune Planets • Some of the Solar System Moons relative to Earth Planets Largest Moons of the Solar System and Pluto Planets • Largest Moons of Jupiter Planets Saturn’s Moons Planets • Uranus’s Moons – You can see how Uranus is tilted almost on its side in this picture Planets • Neptune’s Moon Triton compared to Earth’s Moon and Saturn’s Moon, Titan Dwarf Planets • Vocab Word for “Dwarf Planets” – Dwarf Planet Dwarf Planets A dwarf planet is an object that… 1) Orbits the sun 2) Has sufficient mass for its gravity to overcome rigid body forces to maintain equilibrium (or a nearly round shape) 3) Does not clear out the neighborhood of its orbit Dwarf Planets • Pluto – In 2006 astronomer’s discovered the Dwarf Planet, Ceres, was larger than the Planet Pluto. – This forced them to call a meeting and reevaluate planets and dwarf planets. – They came up with the new definition, and since Pluto is in the middle of the Kuiper Belt and does not clear out its neighborhood, it is no longer a planet. Dwarf Planets • Pluto relative to the Earth Dwarf Planets • Pluto and its moon, Charon – They behave as almost a double planet system! Dwarf Planets • Other Dwarf Planets may include Ceres & UB 313 Dwarf Planets • Other objects in the Kuiper Belt with Pluto Smaller Solar System Bodies • Vocab Words for “Smaller Solar System Bodes” – – – – – – – – – – – Comets Ion Tail Dust Tail Coma Kuiper Belt Oort Cloud Asteroids Asteroid Belt Meteoroids Meteor Meteortie Smaller Solar System Bodies • Asteroids – Asteroids are smaller, planet-like rocks in orbit around the sun. – Most lie in the belt between Mars & Jupiter Smaller Solar System Bodies Asteroid Belt Smaller Solar System Bodies • Meteoroids are small, planet-like rocks, that were in orbit around the sun and have gotten pulled into a planet or satellite's orbit. – As a meteoroid travels through the atmosphere of a planet or satellite, it begins to burn up. • The Meteor is light displayed from a meteoroid burning in the atmosphere. • The Meteorite is the rock left over after a meteoroid strikes the surface of a planet or satellite. Smaller Solar System Bodies Smaller Solar System Bodies A Meteor and a Meteor Shower Smaller Solar System Bodies Example of a Meteorite Smaller Solar System Bodies •A comet is a large, icy body in orbit around the sun. – Eventually comets get pulled closer to the sun – As they travel closer to the sun, they display a coma and tail • The coma is the gaseous atmosphere surrounding the head or nucleus of a comet. • The Ion Tail is the part of the comet’s tail that is lit up because it contains electrically charged particles • The Dust Tail is the part of the comet’s tail that is lit up because it contains particles that reflect the sun’s light • Haley’s Comet is most famous – Last seen in 1985/1986, so it will return around 2061 Smaller Solar System Bodies • There is a belt of comets called the Kuiper Belt. – The Kuiper Belt is the region beyond Neptune that contains hundreds of thousands of comets that will eventually get pulled toward the sun Smaller Solar System Bodies • Beyond the Kuiper Belt is the Oort Cloud – The Oort Cloud is the spherical region surrounding the entire solar system that contains millions of comets that will eventually get pulled into the Kuiper Belt.