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INDEX THE SOLAR SYSTEM PLANET EARTH ROTATION OF THE EARTH: DAYS AND NIGHTS REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH: SEASONS OF THE YEAR KEY WORDS CONCEPTUAL MAP SUN MILKY WAY UNIVERSE Contains the SOLAR SYSTEM PLANETS SATELLITES It is made up of GALAXIES Others ASTEROIDS OUTER PLANETS PLANETS INNER PLANETS DWARF PLANETS MERCURY VENUS EARTH MARS JUPITER SATURN URANUS NEPTUNE LA TIERRA • It is made up of millions of GALAXIES. GALAXIES: They are concentrations of billion of stars held together by gravitational attraction • Our galaxy is called THE MILKY WAY. • Milky Way is a spiralshaped galaxy. Our Solar System is located in one of the spirals. • The Solar System is made up of. – The INNER PLANETS: • • • • Mercury Venus EARTH Mars – These four planets are the closest to the SUN. – The OUTER PLANETS: • • • • Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune – The inner planets are separated from the outer planets by the Asteroid Belt. CLICK ON THE NAME OF THE PLANET TO SEE SOME IMAGES THE PLANETS THE SURFACE OF VENUS WATER IN MARS OLYMPUS MONS CLICK ON THE NAME OF THE PLANET TO SEE SOME IMAGES THE PLANETS • They are small bodies of rock and metal that orbit the Sun. • ASTEROID BELT: It separates inner planets from outer planets. • They are bodies of rock and metal that orbit a planet THE EARTH It is the third inner Planet of the SOLAR SYSTEM. It is called BLUE PLANET. Guess the reason. • The Earth has a surface of 510.000.000 km2. (1000 times Spain’s surface). Compare its size with the rest of the Planets from the picture. • It is not a perfect sphere, it is flatted on the poles, because its north-south diametre is shorter than its east-west diametre. It is said that it has a geoid shape. • The elipsoid used to represent it has a maximum diametre of 12.756.776 km, and the minimum diametre of 12.713.824 km. • The Earth is tilted 23º 27’ respect to the vertical axis. The consequences will be explained later. • The Earth is divided in two halves, called hemispheres, by an imaginary line called Equator. • The NORTH HEMISPHERE, called boreal or northern hemisphere, has more underwater lands than the south emisphere. • The SOUTH HEMISPHERE is the one which has the most surface covered by water, it is also called austral or meridional hemisphere. Activity Observe the distribution of the lands and oceans on each hemisphere and explain the diferences. In which hemisphere is Spain? Meridians and parallels In order to measure the Earth surface several imaginary lines have been drawn. • From West to East, the PARALLELS, the main is called EQUATOR and the secondaries are the TROPICS and POLAR CIRCLES. • From North to South, the MERIDIANS, the main one is called 0º MERIDIAN or GREENWICH MERIDIAN. System of geographical coordinates. • Does the Greenwich Meridian go across Spain? THE EARTH MOVEMENTS RESEARCH THE EARTH MOVEMENTS • Earth movement on its axis. • Lenght: 24 Hours. • Movement direction: The Earth rotates from west to east. • Consequences: Succession of days and nights. ROTATION OF THE EARTH TIME ZONES • The Earth is divided into 24 time zones. • Each time zone measures 15º. • All the places located in the same time zone have the same time. TIME ZONES MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH TRANSLATION TRANSLATION Movement of the Earth around the Sun. • Duration: 1 solar year: 365 days 6 hours 9 minutes 6 hours x 4 = 24 hours-> 1 day ->every 4 years 366 days = leap year CONSEQUENCES a) The Earth tilt tilted rotation axis The two poles exposed alternatively to radiation North Hemisphere Solstices Equinoxes Summer Winter 21st June 21st December largest day shortest day Spring Autumn 21st March 23rd September day and night the same day and night the same THE EARTH DOING AN ELIPTIC MOVEMENT Reinforcement Activity • Draw a conceptual map with the seasonal situation in the South Hemisphere. KEY WORDS • • • • • EQUATOR HEMISPHERE ROTATION EARTH ORBIT • • • • • PLANET SATELLITE TIME ZONE SOLAR SYSTEM MILKY WAY Mª Isabel Alvarez Pilar Bragado Elvira Cañibano Rosario García Teresa García Teresa Pérez Rosa Mª Ríos Esther Sánchez