Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Volcanism in the Solar System Part 2 – Outer Solar System Justin Filiberto Lunar and Planetary Institute Plan of Talk 1. Earth - review 2. Inner Solar System • • • • Mercury Venus Moon Mars 3. Outer Solar System • • • • Io Enceladus Titan Triton 4. Summarize Volcanoes in the Solar System Outer Solar System Only “rocky” volcanic body: Io Other types of eruptions – Icy volcanoes – Geysers –? Io Moon of Jupiter Mean radius (km) 1821 (0.286XEarth) Mass (1022kg) 8.93 (0.015XEarth) Surface T (K) 130 Gravity (m s-2) 1.8 (0.2XEarth) Most volcanically active body in the solar system. Evidence for Volcanism Surface Changes Gas Plumes Loki Patera… Active Lava Lake? Ra Patera Diameter-450 km Height <1km Area of Lava250,000km2 What type of volcano? Lava type? Ra Patera 25000 Krafla Hawaii Columbia River Basalt Group Etna Mt Hood Olympus Mons 20000 Arsia Mons Tharsis Tholus Theia Mons Sapas Mons Ra Patera Gruitheuisen Domes 15000 10000 5000 0 -500000 -400000 -300000 -200000 -100000 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 Pele Pele eruption lava >1350°C – Hawaiian lavas ~1000°C Lava type? Volcano? Enceladus Moon of Saturn Mean radius (km) 251 (0.04XEarth) Mass (1020kg) 1.1 (1.8x10-5XEarth) Surface T (K) 75 Gravity (m s-2) 0.1 (0.01XEarth) Icy Surface “Tiger Stripe” Ridges Enceladus Erupts Titan Moon of Saturn Mean radius (km) 2576 (0.4XEarth) Mass (1023kg) 1.35 (0.023XEarth) Surface T (K) 94 Gravity (m s-2) 1.4 Largest moon of Saturn Only object with stable liquid on the surface (other than the Earth) Icy Volcano? Icy Volcano? Triton Moon of Neptune Mean radius (km) 1353 (0.2XEarth) Mass (1022kg) 2.1 (0.0036XEarth) Surface T (K) 38 Gravity (m s-2) 0.78 Surface is frozen nitrogen and water Triton Cryovolcanism? Bluish streaks – geysers of nitrogen? Outer Planet Summary Possible old volcanoes on Ganymede, and Europa similar to Enceladus? Possible old volcanoes on Dione and Tethys? Possible volcanoes on Pluto? More data coming from New Horizons may answer some of these questions… Some questions to ponder • What types of volcanoes are common to the Earth only? Why? • What types of volcanoes are common in the inner solar system but not the outer? Why? • What does this suggest about the cooling histories of the inner planets? Outer planets? Some questions to ponder • From the volcanoes we have seen which ones would we expect on which planets? • What do they suggest about other planets? • Since most of us do not live near a volcano, how can students connect volcanoes on the Earth and other planets?