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09/15/2005
Strategy – Standards – Politics
Case Study: Java
Jayarami Reddy
Sep 15, 2005
Strategic Computing andVayuLink
Communications
Technology, UC Berkeley 1
Inc. All Rights Reserved
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09/15/2005
For the next 90 minutes ….
• What was Sun’s Strategy ?
• How Sun’s technologies evolved? => Java
• How Strategies clashed? => Politics
• Is Java a Standard?
• Where is the Industry Today?
• Takeaways and Q &A
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What is Strategy?
• A plan of action to accomplish a specific goal
What is a Standard?
• Socialism in Capitalism
What is Politics?
• Conflicting strategies among
nations, businesses or people.
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Sun’s Strategy
Mantra: Network Computing
68XX
SunOS
SunView
SunAPIs
Apps
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Sun and Standards
(Pre 1995)
• Network File System (NFS)
• NeWS versus X Windows
• OpenLook versus Motif
• OpenGL versus PEX
• Distributed Objects Everywhere (DOE)
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NeWS
• Networked extensible Window System
• Communication by sending PostScript code
• Lessons:
• Code mobility is awesome --- the first taste
• Security & Performance has to be in the
bedrock
• Politics is very important.
Source: http://java.sun.com/people/jag
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Sun’s Strategy
Mantra: Network Computing
Sparc
Solaris
Open
Windows
DOE
SunAPIs
Apps
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Sun Research
• Spring OS
• Green Project
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Story of Java (1990 - 1994)
• GreenProject
• Goals:
• Where is computing going?
• Digital Systems in consumer electronics
• Networking everywhere
• Not satisfied with C/C++ => Oak
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FirstPerson (1992 - 1994)
Target Market: Cable/Telco
• MicroSparcChip Set
• 200 Kbps RF link
• Sharp TV Screen
• Touch Screen
• 4 MB RAM
• Oak
• A dismal failure
Source: http://java.sun.com/people/jag
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Industry in 1994/1995
• Servers
• IBM, HP, DEC, Sun, SGI, MSFT??
• Desktop
• MSFT, Sun, SGI, HP, IBM
• Devices
• Wind River, ISI, Oracle, etc.
• WWW - Netscape birth ...
• Sun in a “bad” shape => “out of gas”
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Technology Vs Politics
Ti
i
Ws
Pi
t
Source: http://java.sun.com/people/jag/
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Brand Oak as Java
• Elevator Pitch: HotJava
• Appeal to non-geeks
• Do not solve one problem ….
If you can image, Java can solve …
• Press/Media went crazy ….
• Sun got scared => APIs mania
• Birth of JavaSoft
• Birth of JavaOne - political convention
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What is Java anyway?
• Is it a language?
• Is it a middle-ware/infrastructure?
• Is it an OS?
• Is it a CPU?
• All of the above: it is a way of thinking ….
• Nirvana: SmartCards to Super computers
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Sun’s Strategy
:
Mantra Network Computing
68XX
SunOS
SunView
Sparc
Solaris
Open
Windows
PicoJava
JavaOS
HotJava
Views
SunAPIs
DOE
App
Servers
Apps
SunAPIs
Apps
JavaAPIs Apps
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Java Community Process (JCP)
• Many industries, companies and people
• Java Standards Process Agreement
• Multilateral IP
• Formalized but simple
• Ref implementation & test suite
• Review, Review and Review, and Auditable
• Why JCP? Lessons from “UNIX” Fragmentation
• ISO, ECMA – Not Successful
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Java Jargon
• HotJava - dead
• picoJava, JavaOS, JavaStation - dead
• JSP, JDBC, JavaBeans, EJBs, JTAPI, JMF,
Java2D, Java3D, JavaSound, JavaSpeech,
JavaCard, JavaMail, JMS, JTA, JNDI, JavaRMI
• J2EE, J2SE, J2ME – platforms
• JES, Jini, JXTA
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Industry Reaction to Java
• MSFT: Scared to death
• HP: Played safe
• ORCL: Danced with joy - NC pitch
• IBM: Leveraged for Middleware and Services
• Programmers: Golden Era - Got another chance
• Other companies: BEA, Press releases mania ...
• Community groups: www.javalobby.org, etc.
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Source:
Economist.com
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HP: Two Prong Strategy
• Enterprise - License Java from Sun
• Embedded- Compete with Sun
• Chai
• ChaiVM - cleanroom
• ChaiServer - compete with Jini
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IBM and ORCL
• Embrace Sun
• IBM: Middleware and Services
• ORCL: NCs and Middleware
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Why Java became so popular in 5 years?
“None of these languages was radically different or
dramatically better than other contemporary
languages. They were, however, good enough and
the beneficiaries of luck and "social" factors such
as Unix, low price, marketing (Java only), etc.”
Bjarne Stroustrup
Source: http://www.gotw.ca/publications/c_family_interview.htm 22
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Antitrust Case
“Microsoft had killed off a ``rare and serious threat''
to Windows by crushing Netscape's Navigator
browser and hobbling Sun Microsystems Inc.'s Java
programming language.”
“We simply cannot replicate the powerful
combination of factors that threatened Microsoft's
Windows monopoly six years ago”
Prof. Carl Shapiro
Source: Reuters Business, April 11,2002
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Where is the Industry Today?
Sun:
• Java Community Process (jcp.org)
• Re-Brand: Java EE, Java SE, Java ME
• Java Enterprise System
• Java Desktop System
• Java Studio
• Java Mobility Software
• Java Card Platform
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Where is the Industry Today? (Cont.)
• MSFT: .Net
• ECMA: C# and CLI
• Sun and MSFT Agreement
• IBM: WebSphere; playing both the sides
• HP: Got out of Middleware
• ORCL/SAP: Application Server Suite
• BEA: Facing Intense Competition
• Open Source: JBoss, SpikeSource, etc.
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Where is the Industry Today? (Cont.)
.NET Versus J2EE: .NET Has Clearly Arrived
Both Application Platforms Are Long-Term Winners
“Four years ago, when Microsoft announced .NET as a major new
architectural direction for its products, there was a big question as to
whether it could get its customers onboard with the change, not to
mention whether it could attract new customers. That question has
been answered: Microsoft has successfully done both.”
Randy Heffner
September 1, 2004
Source: http://www.forrester.com/Research/Document/Excerpt/0,7211,35261,00.html
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Standardization
ISO
CDLL?
EMCA
IETF
OMG
W3C
JCP
Open Spec
GNU-GPL
BSD
Mozilla
Apache
SCSL
Open Source
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Takeaways and Q &A
• You cannot escape standards
• Standards & Politics are inseparable
• Master the patterns:
• Sun
___________
• MSFT _________
• HP
____________
• IBM ____________
• ORCL/SAP ____________
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