Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
French Revolutionary Wars wikipedia , lookup
Reign of Terror wikipedia , lookup
War of the Fifth Coalition wikipedia , lookup
Vincent-Marie Viénot, Count of Vaublanc wikipedia , lookup
Causes of the French Revolution wikipedia , lookup
Hundred Days wikipedia , lookup
Germaine de Staël wikipedia , lookup
The French Revolution and Napoleon 1789-1815 CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUITON 1. POLITICAL – King ruled by divine right – King selected officials based on birth – King censored the people to keep down rebels – King imprisoned enemies with out cause – King gave no voice in the gov’t to his people 2.SOCIAL – FR had 3 social classes – The 1st and 2nd estates were only 3% of the pop., yet they owned most of the land, had the best jobs, were not accountable to the law, and were exempt from taxes 3.ECONOMIC – The 3rd estate bore almost all taxes to the gov’t and the church. After taxes, most had less than half their income. – The Bourgeoisie wanted a Laissez-faire economy 4. The Enlightenment 5. Influence of English and US Revolutions – The FR desired a parliament like gov’t and Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson were diplomats to Paris IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF FRENCH REVOLUTION FR went bankrupt in 1788 Louis XVI summons the Estates General- 1789-1st time in 175 years, admitted that the absolute monarch could not fix the problems of FR. Misrepresentation in the Estates General – The 1st and 2nd estates had as many representative as the 3ed estate – They voted by class not by individual so the 3rd estate would be outvoted 2-1 THE REVOLUTION BEGINS The Estates-General becomes the National Assembly [1789]- the 3ed Estate wanted to be formed into a National Assembly where each member gets a vote. Louis XVI rejected this proposal. The 3rd Estate did it anyway and took the Tennis Court Oath The storming of the Bastille [July 14,1789] Louis XVI had threatened to break up the National Assembly This is their Independence Day What did the National Assembly Do? Stopped all special privileges of the 1st and 2nd estates Wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man: To aid the financial problems they seized church lands [20% of FR] – Church lands were sold off to peasants The Catholic church was removed from power. Became enemy of the REV. Reformed the gov’t: – Started uniform national taxes – All laws were nationwide which helped nationalism Constitution of 1791: – Created a limited monarchy – Laws were to be made by an elected legislative body – Members of the assembly had to be property owners that were elected Who was for and against the revolution? For: – Middle class and most peasants Against who wanted a republic – Jacobins: radicals who represented the poor classes of FR Against who wanted the old regime – – – – LouisXVI Catholics Nobles Other Monarchs The End of the Limited Monarchy France was invaded by Austria and Prussia The people overthrew the king and created the National Convention to draw up a new constitution. The 1st Fr republic executed the king Fr is invaded by ENG, Spain, and Holland. Fr defended itself and started the Reign of Terror Significance of the French Rev. Proclaimed democratic ideal through Liberte, egalite, and fraternite Emphasis on nationalism Worldwide influence The Napoleonic Era Napoleon Bonaparte-son of a porr village lawyer. Born on the island of Corsica in 1769 By age 30 he had become master of FRANCE. Believed himself a “man of destiny” Very ambitious and was ruthless and unprincipled in his rise to power Educated in a FR military academy Troops were very loyal to him and supported his political ambition FR accepted Napoleon b/c they were tired of Revolutionary disorder [example reign of terror] Napoleon’s rise to power: First recognition as a military hero in 1793 and 1795 Defeated Austrian forces in Italy in 179697 Wins victories in Egypt against ENG in 1798-99 Coup d’Etat-swift overthrow of the government by force- Napoleon returns to Fr and does this in 1799 Sets himself up as a military dictator called the First Consul 1804- Napoleon replaces the republic with an empire and crowns himself as Emperor Napoleon I, the people accepted this. Look at what the revolution had become? Napoleon dominates Europe 1803-1809= Napoleon defeats Austria, Russia, and Prussia Controls or allied to all of Europe except ENGLAND His Downfall 1. His own weaknesses – Created empire to complex to rule – Lust power was limitless, also stubborn 2. England – Had always sought a balance of power – Napoleon threatened their colonies 3. His Continental System – He ordered all of Europe not to trade with ENGLAND – Eng. ordered all neutral nations not to trade with Europe, led to our war of 1812 Trade declines around the world, everyone blames Napoleon, peasants rise up because of hardships throughout the empire 4. Russia – Once an ally with FR, Russia resumes trade with England so it can sell its grain. – Napoleon invades Russia in 1812, Russia uses scorched earth policy, Capture Moscow but have to retreat because of overextended lines and “General Winter” – Loses 75% of his army 5. Rising spirit of Nationalism – People wanted their independence from Napoleon 6. Exhaustion of FRANCE – Out of manpower and resources Napoleon Exiled: 1813-1814:He loses the Battle of Nations in Germany and the allies invade and capture Paris He is exiled to the island of Elba 1815: he escapes and returned to France for 100 Days. He is defeated again @ the Battle of Waterloo and exiled to St. Helena. Remained there until his death in 1821 Napoleon’s Accomplishments in FRANCE Stable government Furthered public education Compromise between the France and the Catholic Church Legal reform: Code of Napoleon Paid off debt: Bank of France[still exists]